모세보다 위대한 아들 ― 예수의 세례(마 3:13-17)에서 모세 인유 읽기(출 3-4)
The son greater than Moses ― Reading Allusions to Moses (Exod 3-4) from Matthean account of Jesus’s Baptism (Matt 3:13-17)
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마태복음의 세례 본문(마 3:13-17)에 나타나는 예수는 누구인가? 기존의 해석자들은 해당 본문을 예수에게 예정된 수난의 예고편으로 해석하며, 자신의 죄 없음에도 불구하고 세례의 자리로 나아왔던 예수의 순종으로부터 하나님의 아들 됨을 찾았다. 본 연구는 예수의 세례를 모세의 소명 설화에 빗대어 읽음으로써 세례의 자리에 주체적으로 나아와 결국 하나님의 인정을 받은 예수의 모습으로부터 위대한 선지자를 뛰어넘는 아들의 그리스도성을 발견한다. 본 논문은 논지를 전개함에 있어 상호 텍스트적 읽기 방식을 방법론으로 삼아 마태복음의 세례 본문(3:13-17)에 대한 연구사와 더불어 본문의 문학적 양식을 히브리 성경에 등장하는 예언자 소명 설화로 읽을 가능성을 제시할 것이다. 나아가 구체적으로 모세의 소명 설화(출 4)와 마태 본문 사이의 유사성을 비교하여 예수를 모세보다 뛰어난 이로 묘사한 본문이 거둘 수 있는 수사적 가능성을 고찰할 것이다.
Abstract
What is the image of Jesus in the baptism story (Matthew 3:13-17)? Major interpretations have suggested that the image of Jesus is of the sinless son who was the obedient servant to God’s predestined suffering. Based on intertextual reading, this study highlights Jesus’s active devotion to the call in the passage which is later approved by God. Specifically, this paper suggests (1) Intertextuality as the interpretive method, (2) the Matthean depiction of Jesus as the prophet in comparison to the early Christian traditions of the baptism, (2) the elements of the prophetic call narrative in Matt 3:13-17, and (3) Matt 3:13-17 as the parallel of the call of Moses (Exod 4) in which the Jesus-John the Baptist relationship can be compared to that of Moses-Aaron. Further, considering Rabbinic traditions regarding Exod 4, this paper suggests the possibility of interpreting the Matthean story of Jesus’s baptism as the story of the New Moses — whose faithfulness to the call surpasses the figure of traditional prophets who presented the rejection on the call. In this interpretation, the theophany which occurred when God said “this is my son” (v.17) is understood as divine sanction, which implicitly exhorts the audience to follow the model of Jesus who came forward to be called.
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