성만찬으로 재현되는 신령한 몸(Spiritual Body) ― 신경인문학에서 바라본 확장된 몸의 신학적 재구성
The Spiritual Body Represented through the Eucharist — A Theological Reconstruction of the Expanded Body from a Neurohumanities Perspective
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과학기술의 활용을 통해 인간 능력을 증강하고 한계 초월을 이루겠다는 트랜스휴머니즘의 꿈은 과연 인간의 유익에 기여하는가? 인간의 신체 능력의 증강을 통해 육체적 한계를 넘고자 하는 신경과학적 시도는‘인간’이라는 존재의 존엄과 몸의 지위에 관한 질문을 야기한다. 본 연구는 고린도전서 11:17-34를 신체의 한계를 넘어서는 초월적 몸에 대한 인문학적 고찰의 한 사례로 제시한다. 구체적으로 본 연구는 고린도전서 11:17-34에 그려진 1세기 기독교 공동체 내 차별의 문제와 이에 대한 바울의 비판적 평가를 탐구함으로써 이타성의 순환이 어떻게 차이와 차별을 넘어 인간의 몸을 찾아내는지 고찰하고자 한다. 신경과학기술 발전이 인간의 능력 증강을 통한 한계 초월과 몸의 확장을 시도하듯이 기독교성만찬 또한 유비적 경험을 통해 인간의 몸이 개인의 한계를 넘어서는 것을 목표하며, 그 실현이 가능하다고 주장한다. 그러나 성만찬 전승은 트랜스휴머니즘이 추구하는 차별과 경쟁을 통한 효율성 증대와는 달리, 이타적 공여의 순환으로부터 초월적 인간의 가능성을 발견한다.
Abstract
Does the transhumanist dream of augmenting human capabilities and transcending limits through the use of science and technology really contribute to the good of human beings? Neuroscientific attempts to transcend physical limitations through augmentation of human physical capabilities raise questions about the dignity of being a “human” and the status of the body. This study presents 1 Corinthians 11:17-34 as an example of a humanistic consideration of the transcendent body that goes beyond the limits of the body. Specifically, this study explores the problem of discrimination within the first-century Christian community illustrated in 1 Corinthians 11:17-34 and Paul’s critical evaluation of it. I would like to examine how the cycle of altruism transcends differences and discrimination to find the human body. Just as the development of neuroscience and technology attempts to transcend the limits and expand the body through the augmentation of human capabilities, the Holy Communion in the Christian tradition also aims to transcend the limits of the human body through analogous experience, and argues that it is possible to realize it. However, unlike the discrimination and competition that transhumanism pursues, the Holy Communion tradition discovers the possibility of the transhuman being in the cycle of altruistic giving.
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