Democratic Transitions in South Asia: Prospects and Problems in Afghanistan and Bhutan
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What is democracy in South Asia? How do the states in the region transform into democracy, and how does the democratic regime operate in the socio-political and economic spheres? This article explains the recent democratic transitions of eight countries in South Asia, namely, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka, in the past decade. It also analyzes the opportunities and challenges of the region’s democratic movement through two select nations, Afghanistan and Bhutan, which have not yet reached to full-fledged democracy but in the gradual process of democratic transition. I argue that the political and financial insecurity has demoralized Afghanistan’s dream for democracy, while a unique development regime based on an anti-ethnic minority stance has acted as a barrier for Bhutan to be an inclusive and integrated democratic nation. Such challenges, however, which Afghanistan and Bhutan have encountered, are also frequently observed in other democratic regimes in South Asia, which are ‘not fully-functioning’ democracies
Abstract
What is democracy in South Asia? How do the states in the region transform into democracy, and how does the democratic regime operate in the socio-political and economic spheres? This article explains the recent democratic transitions of eight countries in South Asia, namely, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka, in the past decade. It also analyzes the opportunities and challenges of the region’s democratic movement through two select nations, Afghanistan and Bhutan, which have not yet reached to full-fledged democracy but in the gradual process of democratic transition. I argue that the political and financial insecurity has demoralized Afghanistan’s dream for democracy, while a unique development regime based on an anti-ethnic minority stance has acted as a barrier for Bhutan to be an inclusive and integrated democratic nation. Such challenges, however, which Afghanistan and Bhutan have encountered, are also frequently observed in other democratic regimes in South Asia, which are ‘not fully-functioning’ democracies
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