바이든 시기 미·중 관계의 지속과 변화
US-China Relations in the Biden-Era : Change and continuity
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초록
1979년 미·중 수교 이후 양국은 갈등과 경쟁, 그리고 협력이 반복되는 롤러코스터와 같은 부침을 거듭해 왔다. 하지만 트럼프 시기 미국의 일관된 대중국 강압 전략으로 미·중 간 긴장과 안정의 순환 고리는 끊어져 갈등이 최고조로 이른 채 머물러 있다. 주목할만한 점은 미국이 중국과의 관계를 전략적 경쟁을 넘어 미국의 가치에 대항하는 이념적 경쟁으로 규정해 중국의 부상을 억제할 것이라는 점이다. 이런 사실은 바이든이 제안했던 자유주의 국제주의에 기반한 협력의 외교정책과 상충된다. 이런 배경에서 본 연구는 바이든 행정부의 대중국 정책의 변화와 지속성을 규명했다.
Abstract
Since the United States and China established diplomatic relations in 1979, the two countries have had many ups and downs in their rollercoaster-like relationship, with repeated conflict, competition, and cooperation. However, due to the Trump administration’s consistently coercive strategy toward China, the cycle of tension and stability has been broken, leaving conflict at its peak. Notably, the United States will try to curb the rise of China, as it has defined its relationship with China in ideological terms as a competition with a state that opposes U.S. values, rather than as a mere strategic competition. This is in conflict with President Joe Biden’s proposed foreign policy of cooperation based on liberal internationalism. Against this backdrop, this study has identified changes and continuity in the Biden administration’s policy toward China.
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