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광역비자로서의 캐나다 주별이민자추천프로그램(PNP)에 관한 다층거버넌스 분석 : 정치·사회적 합의 과정을 중심으로

An Analysis of Multi-level Governance in the Provincial Nominee Program(PNP) as a Broad Visa System in Canada : Focusing on the Process of Political and Social Consensus

김대중|김현정
한국정치사회연구소 (Korea Institute of Politics and Society)|2024.10|한국과 국제사회 (Korea and Global Affairs)|제8권 제5호|pp. 233-262|DOI 10.22718/kga.2024.8.5.009

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키워드

캐나다한국South KoreaCanadaregional development이민정책다층거버넌스immigration policy지역 발전multi-level governance주별이민자추천프로그램정치적 합의Provincial Nominee Programpolitical consensus
주제분류학제간연구

초록

본 논문은 캐나다 주별이민자추천프로그램(PNP)의 도입과 운영 과정을 다층거버넌스(MLG) 틀을 통해 분석하고, 그 과정에서 나타난 정치적·사회적 합의의 특징을 탐구한다. PNP는 연방정부와 주정부 간의 협력적 거버넌스 구조 속에서 각 주가 경제적·인구학적 필요에 맞추어 자율적으로 이민자를 선발할 수 있는 제도로, 캐나다의 연방주의 체제 내에서 이민정책의 독특한 모델을 제시하고 있다. 본 연구는 PNP 관련 정책자료, 법령, 그리고 선행연구를 바탕으로 사례분석을 진행하였으며, 특히 연방정부와 주정부 간의 협력 과정 및 지역사회와의 상호작용을 중심으로 다층적 거버넌스 구조를 고찰하였다. 또한, 캐나다의 PNP 사례를 독일, 호주, 일본 등의 중앙집중형 이민정책과 비교함으로써, 캐나다 사례가 다른 국가에 제공하는 시사점을 도출하였다. 결과적으로, PNP는 중앙집권적 이민정책의 한계를 보완할 수 있는 연방주의적 이민모델로, 각 주가 지역 특성에 맞는 이민자 선발을 통해 경제 활성화와 인구문제 해결에 기여하였다.

Abstract

This study analyzes Canada's Provincial Nominee Program (PNP) through the lens of multi-level governance (MLG), focusing on the process of political and social consensus during its introduction and operation. As a model of cooperation between federal and provincial governments, the PNP allows provinces to autonomously manage immigration policies tailored to their economic and demographic needs, while the federal government maintains overall legal authority. This research highlights how the PNP addresses labor market and population challenges by granting provinces the flexibility to select immigrants suited to local conditions, thus contributing to regional economic development. The findings suggest that the PNP model offers significant lessons for countries like South Korea, which faces challenges related to an aging population and regional depopulation. By expanding the autonomy of local governments and allowing for more flexible immigration policies, South Korea could similarly address regional economic needs and promote balanced development.

참고문헌 (44)

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