양자내성암호 표준화 동향과 국내 금융암호 전환전략

Abstract

The rapid advancement of quantum computing poses fundamental threats to existing public-key cryptographic systems, demanding a comprehensive transition to quantum-resistant security frameworks in the financial sector. This study systematically analyzes global Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) standardization trends led by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and examines strategic policy responses from major countries to address emerging quantum threats. This research provides a thorough assessment of the Korean financial sector's readiness for PQC adoption and proposes practical implementation strategies tailored to domestic regulatory and technological environments. The study evaluates the cryptographic characteristics and deployment feasibility of NIST's standardized algorithms—Kyber, Dilithium, and SPHINCS+—and develops hybrid integration strategies compatible with existing electronic financial certificate systems and legacy infrastructure. A phased transition roadmap is proposed, incorporating systematic risk assessment and step-by-step implementation scenarios. The findings reveal that PQC transition requires more than algorithmic replacement; it necessitates comprehensive restructuring of security paradigms encompassing technical innovation through hybrid cryptographic models and NIST/domestic standard algorithms, operational efficiency via staged migration roadmaps, and policy coordination through collaboration with financial supervisory authorities and government security control towers. The study emphasizes the critical importance of establishing financial regulatory sandboxes and ensuring international standards compliance to achieve stable testing environments and global interoperability for quantum-resistant cryptography. Key contributions include: (1) a three-phase implementation roadmap (foundation/pilot testing, partial migration/policy updates, complete transition) spanning 2-10 years; (2) algorithm selection criteria prioritizing Kyber+Dilithium combinations for mainstream applications; (3) hybrid cryptography deployment strategies ensuring backward compatibility; and (4) institutional recommendations for testbed development and regulatory framework adaptation. This research provides theoretical and policy foundations for enhancing financial security against quantum threats, offering practical guidance for building resilient digital trust systems capable of withstanding the quantum computing era. The proposed strategies serve as a strategic blueprint for establishing secure and sustainable cryptographic infrastructure in Korea's evolving financial landscape.