한국 고대 도시의 오물 처리와 근교 농업 -도시의 생태환경사 연구 시론-

Abstract

This paper explores the interactive, circulatory relationships that ancient cities had with their surrounding communities. Even though it is easy to understand that a city is a “complete” world, cities have established relationships with their surrounding communities for survival since ancient times. For example, urban waste was used as fertilizer in suburban agriculture outside the city, and vegetables and fruits produced in the suburbs were consumed in the cities. The waste generated in ancient cities such as the Capital City of Silla (新羅 王京) and Baekje Sabi Province (百濟 泗沘都城) was not discharged into the river but collected at specific areas and disposed of periodically. Considering the existence of stone constructions connected to underground drainage channels or large reservoirs, there might have been a governmental office in charge of the disposal of urban waste, as was the case in the Tang Dynasty . Along with the analysis of ancient pollen discovered in urban ruins, surviving records prove that crops cultivated in ancient Korea (Three Kingdoms, 三國) and China of that time period were the same. If the cultivated crops were the same in Korea and China, then cultivation techniques were likely similar as well. In other words, it is possible that waste was utilized for agriculture in ancient Korean society as it was in China; for example, Qi Min's Art (齊民要術) described various composting methods. In particular, scholars have proven that a toilet-shaped earthenware found in an ancient city of Baekje was part of a composting system.