역대기의 역사적 상황에 대한 소고: 페르시아 시대의 예후드 공동체의 상황과 정체성 문제
A Study of the Historical Situation in Chronicles: The Problem of Identity and Situation of the Yehudite Community in the Persian Era
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하나님의 백성으로서 이스라엘의 정체성은 유다와 예루살렘의 멸망(주전 587/86)과 함께 심각한 도전을 받았다. 다윗 계열의 왕, 예루살렘 성전 및 예배와 같은 중요한 이스라엘의 정체성의 표지들은 예루살렘이 파괴됨으로써 함께 사라졌고, 많은 유다 사람들이 바벨론에 포로로 끌려갔다. 하나님께서 예레미야 선지자에게 말씀하셨던 70년이 지난 후 페르시아 왕 고레스의 칙령에 의해 바벨론에 포로로 잡혀갔던 자들의 일부가 유다 땅으로 돌아오게 되었다. 그 결과, 페르시아 시대의 한 지방으로 편입된 예후드 지역에서 이스라엘 공동체의 상황과 정체성에 관한 질문이 제기되었을 것이며, 특정 그룹들 사이에 포로 후기 예후드 공동체를 재정의하기 위한 갈등이 있었을 것이다. 이처럼 페르시아 시대 예후드 공동체의 상황과 정체성에 대한 문제는 주요 쟁점 중 하나였을 것이다. 역대기 저자는 이 문제에 대해 하나의 답변을 제시하기 위해 포로 후기 예후드 공동체에게 성전과 예배를 중심으로 이스라엘 역사를 재진술하고 있다. 재건된 예루살렘 성전을 중심으로 언약 공동체의 재건을 위해서 포로 후기 시대에 여호와에 대한 예배에 누가 포함되어야 하는지, 예배의 장소는 어디여야 하는지, 그리고 어느 그룹이 여호와에 대한 예배를 이끌어야만 하는지 등에 대한 하나의 답변을 제시하고 있는 것이다.
Abstract
Israel’s identity as the people of God was seriously challenged with the destruction of Jerusalem (587/86 B.C.E.). Important markers of Israel’s identity, such as the Davidic kings, the Jerusalem temple, and worship, were lost with the destruction of Judah and Jerusalem, and many Judeans were taken captive to Babylon. After seventy years, as God had spoken to the prophet Jeremiah, some of those who had been taken captive to Babylon were allowed to return to the land of Judah by the decree of Cyrus, the Persian king. As a result, there must have been raised questions about the situation and identity of the Judean community in Yehud, which had been incorporated into a Persian province, and there must have been conflicts among certain groups to redefine the Yehudite community in the post-exilic period. Thus, the question of the situation and identity of the Yehudite community must have been one of the major issues. The Chronicler attempts to provide one answer to this question by retelling Israel’s history with a focus on the Temple and worship of the Yehudite community. It provides an answer to the questions of who should be included in the worship of YHWH, where the worship should take place, and which group should lead the worship of YHWH in the post-exilic period, in order to rebuild the covenant community centered on the rebuilt Jerusalem temple.
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