적도기니의 독재와 도나토 응동고 비됴고의 탈식민주의적 글쓰기 - 『폭풍의 권력』(1997)을 중심으로 -
The Dictatorship of Equatorial Guinea and the Postcolonial Writing of Donato Ndongo Bidyogo
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This study is based on Equatorial Guinean Literature which has a severe experience from the colonial domination of Spain. While Equatorial Guinea, the small country situated in the West of Africa, was independent from Spain in 1968, Equatorial Giuneans have suffered strive, poverty, oppression and tyranny under the dictatorship of the Government of Francisco Macíá s. After realizing the horrible realities of his country, Donato Ndongo, one of the representative postcolonial writers of Equatorial Guinea, began to prepare his second novel Los poderes de la tempestad, (1997) in order to denounce the desperate situation of his people. This essay analyzes the text with the following two topics. First, it briefly describes the colonial history of Equatorial Guinea from the seventeenth century. It also follows Donato ́́s postcolonial activities. He has made every effort to inform the entire world of the countrýś political situation: writing articles in various newspapers and magazines, giving lectures in the conferences, publishing poems, short stories, essays and novels, etc. Finally, I analyze Donato’s concrete text Los poderes de la tempestad which has his idea of writing during staying in the independent Equatorial Guinea. As he writes this novel for the political purpose, I analyzed the text from the three points of view. First of all, I try to find the various repression mechanism of the dictatorial regime-public mobilization, mutual surveillance between the residents, secret police system, individual idolization, reign of terror, illegal arrest, imprisonment and torture. This analysis gives us the clear awareness of the terrible situation in which the cultural subject has continued to be the object of the oppression in spite of the national independence. Besides, the essay pays attention to the racism such as the prejudice of the whites over the blacks; the superiority of the whites over the inferiority of the blacks, etc. Finally, I focused on the biculturalism of the black lawyer, the protagonist of the novel, who receives two different cultural heritages but cannot belong to any of them. The hope for the cultural syncretism seems to be materialized in Rut, the protagonist’s mulatto daughter.
Abstract
This study is based on Equatorial Guinean Literature which has a severe experience from the colonial domination of Spain. While Equatorial Guinea, the small country situated in the West of Africa, was independent from Spain in 1968, Equatorial Giuneans have suffered strive, poverty, oppression and tyranny under the dictatorship of the Government of Francisco Macíá s. After realizing the horrible realities of his country, Donato Ndongo, one of the representative postcolonial writers of Equatorial Guinea, began to prepare his second novel Los poderes de la tempestad, (1997) in order to denounce the desperate situation of his people. This essay analyzes the text with the following two topics. First, it briefly describes the colonial history of Equatorial Guinea from the seventeenth century. It also follows Donato ́́s postcolonial activities. He has made every effort to inform the entire world of the countrýś political situation: writing articles in various newspapers and magazines, giving lectures in the conferences, publishing poems, short stories, essays and novels, etc. Finally, I analyze Donato’s concrete text Los poderes de la tempestad which has his idea of writing during staying in the independent Equatorial Guinea. As he writes this novel for the political purpose, I analyzed the text from the three points of view. First of all, I try to find the various repression mechanism of the dictatorial regime-public mobilization, mutual surveillance between the residents, secret police system, individual idolization, reign of terror, illegal arrest, imprisonment and torture. This analysis gives us the clear awareness of the terrible situation in which the cultural subject has continued to be the object of the oppression in spite of the national independence. Besides, the essay pays attention to the racism such as the prejudice of the whites over the blacks; the superiority of the whites over the inferiority of the blacks, etc. Finally, I focused on the biculturalism of the black lawyer, the protagonist of the novel, who receives two different cultural heritages but cannot belong to any of them. The hope for the cultural syncretism seems to be materialized in Rut, the protagonist’s mulatto daughter.
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