식민 전쟁과 서발턴 -호세 디아스 페르난데스(José Díaz Fernández)의 s\『진지El blocao』(1928) 를 중심으로-

Abstract

El blocao (1928) which consists of seven short stories shows the Avant-Garde tendency in the form, but it contains the negative view of the Moroccan War with the social criticism. For this reason, this novel can be considered the pioneer of the Prewar Spanish Social Novel. Though seven short stories have nothing to do with each other, the novelistic action is displayed in the same time and space: Tetuan and the frontal line in the Moroccan War. Through the novel, we can find various types of subaltern. The main objective of this study is to analyze the types of subaltern and their attitude and action in the context of the dichotomous world: civilization and barbarism; dominance and resistance; Europe and Africa; core and periphery. José Díaz Fernández was born in 1898 at the small village of Salamanca, but he has spent the majority of his early life in Asturias. His literary careers begin with the publication of his articles in the local daily newspaper. Since 1930s. he has been involved in politics of Spain as a politician. Before analyzing the text, I examined his articles about Moroccan war published in the daily newspaper of Gijón. Seven short chronicles must be important materials for his first novel. But I can’t find here his severe criticism which is found easily in his later works. In order to carry out the proposed study, I classified the subaltern into tree types in this novel. First, Moore women: The sexual desire of the Spanish soldiers is instinctively led to the Moore women. These women represent inaccessible African continent and at the same time they can be thought as the symbol of resistance against the invaders. Secondly, Angustias, a female revolutionist, is the main character of the fifth short story (≪ La Magdalena Roja≫). She doesn’t stop fighting against the ruling power of Spain in order to attack the imperialism and colonialism of Spain. She also fights against her country to contribute to the independence of Morocco. Finally, I can not ignore the existence of junior soldiers who have joined involuntarily the army. Because of the colonial war, they degraded to the status of the animals showing the brutality of their instinct. They are also the victims of the arbitrary and unfair treatment of their superiors.