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아랍 지역의 팔레스타인 난민

Palestinian Refugees in the Arab World

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주제분류학제간연구

초록

아랍 지역에 거주하는 팔레스타인 난민들의 대다수는 1948년에 이스라엘의 영토가 된 지역 출신들이다. 이 난민들은 1952년 4월에 난민들의 귀향을 불허하는 ‘이스라엘 국적법(Nationality Law)’이 발효되면서 국적을 박탈당했다. 이스라엘 내부에서 난민이 된 사람들은 이스라엘 시민이 되었지만, 이들 역시 귀향은 금지되었다. 국적법 발효에 앞서 1950년 3월에 ‘부재자 재산법(the Absentee's Property Law)’으로 이스라엘 정부는 모든 난민들의 토지와 재산을 몰수하여 유대인들이 영구히 사용하도록 하였다 (PASSIA. 2001: 96). 나머지 난민들은 1967년 전쟁이후 이스라엘이 점령한 영토에서 추방당한 사람들이다. 이 난민들 중 소수만이 적십자사의 도움으로 점령지로 귀환을 허락받았다. 이스라엘은 동예루살렘, 서안, 가자에 살고 있는 팔레스타인인들을 거류 외국인으로 간주하면서 이 지역에서 팔레스타인인들이 소유한 땅의 2/3를 유대인을 위하여 몰수했다. 1948년 이전에는 팔레스타인인들이 현 이스라엘 국가 영역을 포함하는 팔레스타인 전체 땅의 90퍼센트 가까이 소유했었지만, 오늘날은 오직 10퍼센트의 땅에만 접근이 가능하다. 추방과 몰수가 처음 시작된 1948년 이후 60년이 경과하고 있지만, 주변 아랍 국가들로 추방된 난민들과 이스라엘 국내에서 난민이 된 사람들은 여전히 계속되는 격심한 고통에 시달리고 있으며, 이들에 대한 2차, 3차 추방은 현재에도 계속되고 있다. 이러한 난민들의 고통에 결정적인 원인을 제공한 유엔은 총회 결의와 안보리 결의 등을 통해 이들의 귀환권을 되풀이해서 보장하였다. 1948년 12월 11일자, 유엔 총회 결의 194호, 이후 1967년 7월 4일자, 유엔 총회 결의 2252호, 1981년 12월 16일 유엔 총회 결의 36/146호 등과 1967년 6월 14일 유엔 안보리 결의 237호 등이 그것들이다. 그러나 유엔은 ‘귀환권 보장’이라는 같은 내용의 결의만 되풀이할 뿐, 이 결의를 현실적으로 실행할 의지는 보이지 않았다. 현재 이스라엘은 인종적, 민족적, 종교적 뿌리를 근거로 1948년에 난민이 된 사람들이 이스라엘 본토로 귀환하는 것을 거부하고 있다. 이스라엘은 1967년 이후 군사 점령 상태에 있는 서안, 동예루살렘, 가자 지역으로부터 추방된 난민들이 이들 점령지로 귀환하는 것도 역시 가로막고 있다. 유엔을 비롯한 국제사회도 팔레스타인 난민 문제와 관련된 유엔 결의와 국제법에 따라서 이 문제를 해결하려는 적극적인 조치를 취하지 않고 있다. 이러한 이유로 난민의 귀환 문제는 1990년 이후 계속돼 온 이스라엘-팔레스타인 협상의 주제가 된 적은 단 한 번도 없다. 그러나 이 난민 문제가 해결되지 않고는 이스라엘/팔레스타인 분쟁의 해결과 이 지역의 평화 정착은 거의 불가능해 보인다.

Abstract

The Palestinian Refugee issue is an international problem, the burden of which is primarily carried by the Arab world. This article highlights the situation of Palestinian Refugees in the Arab world and analyzes the Each Arab Host State Policy of Palestinian Refugees. New information and data presented here cover the period between 2006 and mid-2007. In 2007, the total refugee is estimated at 7.45 million, about 70% among the total 10.10 million Palestinian Population in the world. The Palestinian Refugee problem was created as the result of two wars( 1948, 1967). The UN Conciliation Commission estimated that 726,000 Palestinians, 75% of the Arab population of Palestine had fled outside(1948 refugees). Some 531 villages and towns were destroyed. In 1950. 914,211 refugees were registered with UNRWA. In 1967, some more 400,000 Palestinians were displaced from the West Bank and Gaza(1967 refugees). Around 175,000 of them were registered with UNRWA. The majority of Palestinian refugees were prevented from returning to their homes of origin and denationalized under Israel's 1952 Nationality Law and Israel seized the Absentee property under Israel's 1950 Absentee's Property Law. Israel considers Palestinians in 1967 occupied Palestine as Resident Aliens. Israel has expropriated or controls for Jewish use approximately two-thirds of Palestinian owned land in these territories. Before 1948 Palestinians owned more than ninety percent of the land in Palestine. Today they own or have access to only ten percent. All refugees have the right to return to their homes and repossess their properties. These rights are affirmed in international law. UN General Assembly Resolution 194(Ⅲ) and Security Council Resolution 237 reaffirmed these rights for Palestinian refugees.

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