금강유역 한성기 백제 횡혈식석실묘의 축조환경

Abstract

Though the existence of stone-chamber tombs excavated recently in Baekje territory during the Hanseong Period has brought many controversies, there is no disagreement that they are important sources for reviewing relation between the central region and local districts. This article tries to give shape to Baekje local society by reviewing building circumstances of the tombs focusing the stone-chamber tombs researched in Geum-River basin. For the stone-chamber tombs identified in the central part of Baekje during the Hanseong Period, there are two types: square type with irregular corridor and square or rectangle type with right-sided long corridor. But irregularity of their structures caused difficulty in categorizing types by tomb system. However, Baekje stone-chamber tombs in Geum-River basin during the Hanseong Period can be classified into 3 types and I review characteristics of Baekje local society based on them. For the first type, they were a group which was copied after the stone-chamber tombs based on traditions of local tomb system and has irregular and various plane structures. The second type contains stone-chamber tombs which was constructed as new tomb system with influx of central culture into the existing local tomb system and they have relatively regular structures. The third type is new tombs in totally different tomb system region and has standardized structure of the stone-chamber tomb. Tombs in Songsanri and Geumhakdong, Gongju which were though to be constructed just after the transfer of the capital to Ungjin can be included in the third type and both square vaulted ceiling type and rectangular arch-type(variation of vaulted ceiling) of stone-chamber tombs constructed in the Hanseong were identified. After all, for building circumstances of the stone-chamber tombs in Geum-River basin in the Hanseong Period, they can be divided into two types: integration to the existing tomb system actively by local society and influx of newly standardized tomb in relation with the central body. It shows there were two groups in Geum-River basin during the Hanseong period: the group which was incorporated into Baekje system even though it was still based on traditional backgrounds of the local society and the one who newly appeared escaping from central part of the conventional local society. And vestiges adjacent in the capital of Ungjin show continuous construction of stone-chamber tombs after transfer of the capital to Ungjin and they are sources to provide assumption on existence of new group who were different from the existing local group or group who moved from the central region of Baekje. So we can conclude that the building tradition of stone-chamber tombs in central region of Baekje during both of the Hanseong and Ungjin Periods are coincident.