서울 석촌동 집단토광묘의 구조와 축조배경

Abstract

Baekje was founded at Hanseong, and transferred the capital to Woongjin at the year of 475. There are several types of tombs like Pit graves, Bungu tombs, Stone mound tombs and so on at Seokchon area in Seoul. All sorts of Baekje tombs have not same origin. Especially the tombs of Hanseong-period are diverse and the origin of each is different. It means that the members of Hanseong-period are diverse. So the origins of the tombs are very important to reveal the establishment process of Baekje. The mass pit grave excavated at Seokchon-dong cemetry had reported that it had 8 wood coffins inside only one big pit. Recently it was pointed out that not only the mass pit grave divided into 8 pit graves each have separated pit but also these pit graves were originated from Puyeo. But this new claim is resulted from misunderstanding of original excavation report published at 1986. Pit graves including the mass pit grave were originated from the area of ancient Choseon around the late second century. After that Bungu tombs were began to substituted the pit graves at same area. During this process the special big pit was constructed to inter some persons who were killed by the newcomers. The newcomers who built Bungu tombs came along the Han-river from western seashore like Incheon. After that stone mound tombs of Koguryo-type originated from the area of Koguryo began to be built at Seokchon-dong cemetry around the middle of third century. Baekje was established, at least, during the middle of third century by the annexation of two power groups, one using the Stone mound tombs, the other, Bungu tombs.