백제 금제구슬의 형태 구분과 금순도 비교

Abstract

In this study, 1,067 gold beads excavated from 15 ruins in Baekje were classified intoⅠ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ types according to the physical shape and the gold purity was compared. Type I identified in ruins of the Hanseong and Ungjin period was oval with 22 beads, and two holes were observed on one side. Type Ⅰ was divided into 3 groups according to the decoration of the gold plate. Ⅰ-A Type of 6 beads with gold plate only, Ⅰ-B Type of 7 beads with thin lines engraved on the gold plate, and Ⅰ-C Type of 9 beads with granulation on the gold plate. Type II identified in ruins of the Ungjin and Sabi period is 857 beads, which is a combination of two hemispherical gold plates with one hole. Type Ⅱ was divided into 2 groups according to their shape. The Round Ⅱ-A Type of 709 beads, and the flower shape beads Ⅱ-B Type of 148 beads. Type Ⅲ is confirmed from the remains of the Ungjin and Sabi periods, but many of them were excavated from the tomb of King Muryeong of Gongju. Aspherical Ⅲ-A Type with the small gold ring has 4 beads, Ⅲ-B Type with thin lines has 2 beads, and Ⅲ-C Type with granules decorations has 199 beads. In the comparison of gold purity according to shape, type I shows the characteristic of the various distribution of gold purity. Ⅰ-A Type is 15.1∼23.0K, Ⅰ-B Type is 15.8∼23.7K, andⅠ-C Type is 20.9∼21.3K. Type Ⅱ is close to pure gold, Ⅱ-A Type is 23.6∼23.8K, and Ⅱ-B Type is 23.8∼24.0K. Type Ⅲ shows a characteristic that the purity of gold increases from 20.0∼20.9K, Ⅲ-A Type to 22.9∼23.2, Ⅲ-B type, 23.0∼23.8K, and Ⅲ-C type. In summary, type I gold beads which are relatively low in the purity of gold, are found mainly in ruins presumed to be local power and aristocratic groups, and types II and III gold beads with high gold purity are mainly found in ruins related to the royal family of Ungjin and Sabi period. Therefore, it is presumed that the Baekje gold beads, which show the relationship between the shape and purity of gold a correlation according to period and local.