19세기 조선백자에 보이는 청대 자기의 영향

Abstract

This study attempted to investigate the characteristics of 19th century white porcelain by looking into the effects of Qing(淸) porcelain accepted in the atmosphere of loving Qing’s culture and civilization on the form of 19th century Joseon(朝鮮) white porcelain. For this investigation, this study paid attention to how Qing porcelain could be imported and they were used based on Qing porcelain and excavated relics used in Joseon Royal Family along with the 19th century literary records. First of all, ‘Bukhak(北學)’ rose to the surface as one of the main thoughts in the given period during the reign of Sunjo(純祖; 1800~1834) so that the exchange with Qing Dynasty became more active and the import of Qing culture and civilization was conducted in full swing. It has been demonstrated that ‘a Vase with Peony blossom(牧丹花樽)’ imported from Qing Dynasty started to be used during the ceremonies of Royal Family and imported porcelains were widely sold in porcelain shops(磁器廛). The influences of Qing porcelains could be found in bottles, Chinese ink water container in the form of a mythical unicorn-lion. Meanwhile, it has been confirmed that Qing's influence could be found as in ‘Floral arabesque design(寶相花文)’ in terms of patterns. That is to say, various porcelains were imported from Qing Dynasty and used in this period; nonetheless, the production of porcelains influenced by such an importation has not been made in a significant manner and Qing's influence could be found noticeably in their form rather than their patterns. During the reign of Heonjong(憲宗; 1834~1849) to Cheoljong(哲宗; 1849~1863), especially after ‘Jeongyugyeolcheo(丁酉決處)’ in 1837, the import of merchandise has largely on the increase and the influences of Qing porcelains have increased tremendously.A flower Vase used in the ceremonies of Royal Family has become one of Qing porcelain's styles and the kinds of Chinese porcelains used were various and the amount of use tended to increase to a great extent. The influences of Qing porcelains were revealed on the basis of writing materials, kinds of the representative 19th century white porcelains. Most of ‘stationery such as ink water container in the form of fish, cylinder writing-brush stand, fan-shaped brush stand, in which brush is washed were produced in this period. Besides, ‘Floral arabesque design,’ cumulocirrus cloud-shaped pattern were engraved so that it has been demonstrated that more varied patterns compared to those in the reign of Sunjo were influenced by Qing Dynasty. That is to say, various stationery tablewares were produced in this period and engraved kinds of patterns became varied, which meant that Qing's influence in porcelain forms or patterns was conspicuously on the increase. During the reign of Gojong (高宗; 1863~1894), opened in 1876 and the privatization of Punwon(分院) in connection with the production of white porcelain make up an important watershed is a big deal when they happen. The influence of Qing porcelains could be found in bottles and quadrilateral ink bottle and the composition of their patterns as well as their forms appeared identically. The patterns such as ‘SuBok design(壽福文)’ or ‘Floral arabesque design’ and ‘Ganoderma lucidum Flower design(靈芝花卉文)’ were put on the porcelains and the entire expression styles were almost identical to those of Qing’s. In this time period, the import of foreign porcelains from Qing to Japanese porcelains increased and there were considerable examples of imitating imported porcelains in Joseon white porcelains; in this regard, it could be assumed that the preference to foreign porcelains was considerable.