히즈라(Hijrah)와 메디나 헌장 연구

Abstract

Islam, which has grown to become the largest and most influential religious and cultural community in the world in the 21st century, began with the Hijrah (622 CE), the migration of the Prophet Muhammad (570-632 CE) from Makkah to Medina. The Hijrah, when Muhammad moved from Mecca to Medina to escape oppression and threats from the Quraysh tribe, is considered the founding year of Islam and is one of the most important events and turning points in Islamic history. The process by which the Prophet Muhammad formed and expanded his ummah in Medina through various agreements with immigrants and pagans became a model for the process of Arabization and Islamization of immigrants and pagans as Islam expanded its territory to Anatolia, Persia, Central Asia, North Africa, and the Iberian Peninsula after the Prophet’s death. This study will analyze the hijrah process that Muhammad undertook and the Medina Charter that he signed with the major tribes of Medina. After the hijrah, Muhammad used the Medina Charter as the basis for controlling the tribes and running the Islamic community. The Medina Charter also served as the basis for many agreements between Islamic powers and other states during the Rashidun Caliphs(632-660 CE) and beyond. Therefore, through the analysis of the Medina Charter, this study seeks to understand the ways in which Arab Islamic powers communicated and coexisted with other cultures. In other words, this is also a study of civilizational exchange, which is the study of how Arab Islamic powers interacted with the outside world