콘비벤시아와 딤마 연구

Abstract

Convivencia is a noun derived from the Spanish verb ‘convivir’, meaning ‘to live together’ or ‘coexistence’, and is generally interpreted as ‘religious tolerance’. Islam, which spread beyond the Arabian Peninsula in the 7th century CE, expanded across Asia and the entire Mediterranean, establishing a vast Islamic empire. The ruling Islamic powers devised the Dhimmah system, a social status system based on the Quran, to enable coexistence with the non-Muslim subjects. Through this system, they operated an Islamic community (Ummah) where people of diverse religious backgrounds coexisted. Particularly during the period from the 8th to the 15th century CE, when Islamic forces ruled the Iberian Peninsula, Muslims coexisted with Christians and Jews, and within this context, the concept of coexistence was extensively experimented with. This study aims to analyze the meaning of Islamic coexistence (conviviality) based on the Quran and Hadith, and its practical implementation through the Dhimmah system. As an empirical and concrete case study of Muslim-non-Muslim coexistence within the Ummah, this research will analyze the nature, characteristics, and evaluation of the Dhimmah system in the Iberian Peninsula, where they coexisted for eight centuries.