이스라엘-하마스 전쟁의 군사적 함의

Abstract

The Israeli-Hamas war, which began with a Hamas surprise attack in October 2023, is now in its 15th month. Given the similarities in the security environment between Israel and South Korea, it is necessary to analyse this protracted war to draw lessons that can be applied to our military. This study draws military lessons from the war, focusing on the Israeli military’s operational and strategic responses to Hamas’ hybrid warfare. Utilizing the retaliatory deterrence strategy of the Dahiya Doctrine, Israel employed ground forces following substantial airstrikes and leveraged advanced weapon systems to safeguard its forces and enhance operational efficacy. However, despite these technological advantages, the war exposed several deficiencies, including intelligence failures at the war’s onset, tactical challenges during maneuvering, and heightened collateral damage due to excessive airstrikes, which led to international criticism. Despite internal political challenges, including divisions within its leadership, Israel effectively countered the ‘axis of resistance’ by establishing a combined air defense network through intelligence sharing with allies, such as the United States, and implementing a combined command and control system. While it is not possible to generalize from the events in Gaza or to replicate Israeli operations in our own military, incorporating the issues and lessons learned into the doctrinal development of our military would enhance our readiness. This, in turn, would contribute to effective and efficient operations with domestic and international support in the event of a conflict.