감마선 및 전자선 조사에 따른 옻나무 추출물 내 우루시올 제거 및 플라보노이드 성분 변화 비교
Comparison of Urushiol Removal and Flavonoid Component Changes in Rhus verniciflua Stokes Extract by Gamma and Electron Beam Irradiation
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초록
Toxicodendron vernicifluum (Stokes) F.A. Barkley, also known as Rhus verniciflua Stokes (RVS), hasbeen traditionally used in East Asia as a durable lacquer and medicinal plant. Urushiol, one of its most distinctivebioactive components, is known to cause severe allergic contact dermatitis, leading to strict regulations by theMinistry of Food and Drug Safety on the detection of five types of urushiol. This study investigated the effects ofgamma and electron beam (e-beam) irradiation on the removal of urushiol and the stability of flavonoid componentsin Rhus verniciflua Stokes extract (RVSE). RVSE samples were irradiated at doses of 1, 3, 5, and 10 kGy usingcobalt-60 gamma rays or a 10 MeV e-beam. The contents of urushiols (urushiol I, urushiol II, urushiol III, urushiolV, and laccol) were quantified using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and flavonoids(corilagin, fustin, fisetin, sulfuretin, and butein) were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)analysis. Both gamma and e-beam irradiation effectively removed urushiol, with e-beam irradiation reducing all fivetypes of urushiol below detection limits at a low dose of 1 kGy, compared to gamma irradiation, which required 10kGy for complete removal. In contrast, among the flavonoids, corilagin, fustin, fisetin, and butein remained stablepost-irradiation, likely due to their aromatic structures and resonance stabilization, which confer resistance to freeradicals generated by irradiation. However, exhibited a dose-dependent decrease, possibly due to the cleavage of theC2=C3 double bond linking its benzofuranone ring and catechol structure. Furthermore, electron beam irradiationat 5 kGy effectively removed urushiol in commercial RVSE pouch products while preserving beneficial flavonoids. These findings demonstrate that gamma and e-beam irradiation can be utilized as effective processing techniques forremoving urushiol from RVSE while preserving most bioactive flavonoid components. Notably, e-beam irradiationoffers superior efficiency at lower doses, highlighting its potential for industrial applications in producing safebiomaterials from RVSE.
Abstract
Toxicodendron vernicifluum (Stokes) F.A. Barkley, also known as Rhus verniciflua Stokes (RVS), hasbeen traditionally used in East Asia as a durable lacquer and medicinal plant. Urushiol, one of its most distinctivebioactive components, is known to cause severe allergic contact dermatitis, leading to strict regulations by theMinistry of Food and Drug Safety on the detection of five types of urushiol. This study investigated the effects ofgamma and electron beam (e-beam) irradiation on the removal of urushiol and the stability of flavonoid componentsin Rhus verniciflua Stokes extract (RVSE). RVSE samples were irradiated at doses of 1, 3, 5, and 10 kGy usingcobalt-60 gamma rays or a 10 MeV e-beam. The contents of urushiols (urushiol I, urushiol II, urushiol III, urushiolV, and laccol) were quantified using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and flavonoids(corilagin, fustin, fisetin, sulfuretin, and butein) were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)analysis. Both gamma and e-beam irradiation effectively removed urushiol, with e-beam irradiation reducing all fivetypes of urushiol below detection limits at a low dose of 1 kGy, compared to gamma irradiation, which required 10kGy for complete removal. In contrast, among the flavonoids, corilagin, fustin, fisetin, and butein remained stablepost-irradiation, likely due to their aromatic structures and resonance stabilization, which confer resistance to freeradicals generated by irradiation. However, exhibited a dose-dependent decrease, possibly due to the cleavage of theC2=C3 double bond linking its benzofuranone ring and catechol structure. Furthermore, electron beam irradiationat 5 kGy effectively removed urushiol in commercial RVSE pouch products while preserving beneficial flavonoids. These findings demonstrate that gamma and e-beam irradiation can be utilized as effective processing techniques forremoving urushiol from RVSE while preserving most bioactive flavonoid components. Notably, e-beam irradiationoffers superior efficiency at lower doses, highlighting its potential for industrial applications in producing safebiomaterials from RVSE.