발달장애인의 도전적 행동이 종사자의 소진에 미치는 영향 - 종사자 인식의 조절효과를 중심으로
The Effects of Challenging Behavior on the Burnout of Workers - Focusing on Moderating Effects of Worker’s Perception of Challenging Behavior
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초록
이 연구는 발달장애인의 도전적 행동이 종사자의 소진에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고, 도전적 행동에 대한 종사자의 인식이 이를 조절하는지를 확인하고자 한 것이다. 이를 위해 서울·경기지역 장애인주간보호시설 종사자를 대상으로 서베이를 실시하여 총 193부가 분석에 활용되었고, 위계적 회귀분석을 통해 그 영향력과 조절효과를 분석하였다. 연구결과, 종사자의 업무 소진은 2.94점(5점 만점)이었고, 발달장애인의 도전적 행동의 빈도는 종사자의 소진에 정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 도전적 행동에 대한 종사자의 인식인 정서 인식과 통제가능성 신념이 발달장애인의 도전적 행동과 종사자 소진의 관계에서 조절효과가 있는지 살펴본 결과, 도전적 행동빈도와 정서인식의 상호작용변수, 도전적 행동빈도와 통제가능성 신념의 상호작용 변수 모두 조절효과를 나타냈다. 즉, 발달장애인의 도전적 행동이 종사자의 소진을 높이지만 종사자가 도전적 행동에 대해 긍정적으로 정서를 인식하고, 이용인이 통제가능 하지 않은 상황이라고 인식하면 소진을 낮출 수 있는 것이다. 이러한 차이는 종사자의 도전적 행동에 대한 인식에 따라 소진의 수준이 달라짐을 보여주는 것으로, 발달장애인의 도전적 행동으로 인한 종사자의 소진을 감소시킬 수 있는 관점이나 인식의 변화의 중요성을 바탕으로 실천적인 함의를 논의하였다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of challenging behaviors of individuals with developmental disabilities on worker’s burnout and also to examine moderating effects of the worker’s perception about challenging behaviors. Surveys were distributed to workers in Daycare centers for people with developmental disabilities, and the step-wise regression analysis were conducted. The results show that the mean score of the burnout of the workers was 2.94 (out of 5), and the frequency of challenging behaviors of person with developmental disabilities increased the burnout level of the workers. The moderating effects of emotional perception and controllability belief of workers toward the challenging behavior of people with the disabilities were found to be significant in reducing the effect of such behaviors on their burn-out. Based on the results, we discussed practical implications to reduce burnout of the workers caused by challenging behaviors of people with developmental disabilities.
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