이란의 언론검열정책과 언론법의 사법권 남용
Iran’s Media Censorship Policies and Abuse of Judicial Power in Press Law
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초록
이란은 언론 및 표현의 자유가 가장 억압받는 국가들 가운데 하나이다. 국경없는기자회가 매년 발표하는 언론자유지수에 따르면 세계 180개국 중 이란은 항상 160위 이하의 하위권에 머물고 있다. 이란은 또한 구금된 언론인 수에서도 세계 상위권을 유지하고 있다. 그래서 국경없는기자회는 이란을 “세계 5대 언론인 감옥” 중 하나로 지목하고 있다. 이러한 강력한 언론 검열과 무자비한 탄압은 집권 세력의 정권 유지와 이슬람 체제 수호의 목적으로 추진되고 있다. 이러한 목적을 실현하기 위해 이란 정부는 언론법을 제정해 언론의 자유를 제한하고 있다. 1985년에 제정되고 2000년에 개정된 언론법은 그 자체에 여러가지 모순을 내포하고 있을 뿐 아니라 언론을 탄압할 수 있는 다양한 장치들이 마련되어 있다. 더 나아가 그 표현의 모호성은 기소권 및 재판권 남용의 수단으로 작용하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 현행 언론법의 모순과 표현의 자유 침해 요소들을 파헤친다.
Abstract
Iran is one of the countries with the most suppression of the freedom of speech. According to the annual press freedom index published by Reporters Without Borders, Iran is always ranked below 160 out of 180 countries in the world. Iran also ranks among the top in the world for the number of detained journalists. That's why Reporters Without Borders ranks Iran as one of the "world's five largest prisons of journalists." Such strong media censorship and ruthless suppression are being pursued for the purpose of maintaining regime security and protecting the Islamic system. To realize this goal, the Iranian government has enacted the Press Law to restrict the freedom of the press. The Press Law, enacted in 1985 and amended in 2000, not only contains various contradictions in itself, but also provides various devices to suppress Iranian media. Furthermore, the ambiguity of the expression is acting as a means of abuse of the prosecution and judicial power. In this paper, I explore the contradictions of the current Press Law and the elements that violate freedom of expression.
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