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보험원리인가 사회적 권리인가? : 우리나라 계좌제 훈련의발전과정을 중심으로

Principle of Insurance or a Social Right? : Centering on the Development of Individual Learning Accounts in Korea

장신철
한국실천공학교육학회 (Korean Institute for Practical Engineering Education)|2020.06|실천공학교육논문지 (Journal of Practical Engineering Education)|제12권 제1호|pp. 187-202|DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.14702/JPEE.2020.187

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참고문헌

키워드

Market failureNational Learning CardIndividual Learning AccountsIndividual-led trainingCo-financing
주제분류과학기술학

초록

“직업훈련 수강을 하나의 사회적 권리로 인정할 수 있는가? 그리고 개인이 수강하는 직업훈련에 소용되는 재원은 누가 부담하는 것이 타당한가?” 본고는 우리나라의 계좌제훈련을 중심으로 두 가지 이슈를 검토한 후 바람직한 계좌제훈련의 발전 방향을 제시하였다. 국내법에서 직업훈련을 권리로 인정한 명시적인 조문은 없지만 취약계층 등에 대한 국가의 훈련 제공 의무가부정되는 것은 아니다. 그리고 우리나라의 직업훈련은 고용보험의 직업능력개발사업에 크고 의존하고 있으나, 동 사업은 과거의 훈련의무제를 계수한 사업으로서 고용보험에 가입하지 않은 많은 비정규직 등으로 인해 보험원리가 작동되기 어렵다. 향후정책 방향은 현재 일반회계와 훈련생 자비부담 비율이 30% 미만이므로 이를 높여 나가는 것이 바람직하며 중장기적으로 계좌제 훈련의 발급 대상은 전국민으로 확대해 나가야 한다. 그리고 이미 제도적으로 마련되어 있는 유급교육훈련휴가, 근로시간단축청구 제도의 활용이 촉진될 수 있도록 노사의 공동노력이 필요하다.

Abstract

Can job training be considered a social right? Who must bear the costs of individual job training? This paper studies these two issuesby examining the Korean Individual Learning Accounts (ILA) revised in 2020 and proposes future policy directions. Althoughthere is no explicit legal provision stipulating job training as a lawful right in Korea, such absence does not negate the government’srole of providing vulnerable people, etc with necessary training. Korean ILA heavily depends on the Skills Development Schemeunder the Employment Insurance System which succeeded the past mandatory training levy system and it becomes harder to maintainprinciple of insurance because of sizable volume of atypical workers who are not insured. For future policy directions, it isdesirable to increase the burden of general budget and self-financing as they are below 30% combined and the coverage of the ILAneeds to be steadily expanded to all economically active people. Also, labor-management should step up joint efforts to stimulatethe use of already existing policies such as paid training leave and request for reduction of working hours.

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