WTO 「미국-세탁기 세이프가드」 사건(DS546) 패널판정 평석 - 긴급수입제한조치의 적용통제를 중심으로
An Analysis of the WTO Panel Report in US-Safeguard Measure on Washers(DS546) - Focusing on the Control of Application
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
미국이 2018. 2.부터 대용량 가정용 세탁기에 부과한 긴급수입제한조치에 대해 한국은 2018. 5. WTO에 제소했다. 2022. 2. 8. 회람된 WTO 패널보고서는 미국의 세탁기 긴급수입제한조치가 GATT 제XIX조 및 WTO 긴급수입제한조치협정에 불합치 한다고 판단하였다. 이 연구는 패널의 판정 내용을 소개하고 긴급수입제한조치 제도개선이란 관점에서 시사점을 도출한다. 긴급수입제한조치의 발동통제 측면에서 WTO 패널은 미국이 주장한 수입 증가 및 산업 피해 원인이 WTO 협정상 요건을 충족하지 못하고, 수입 물량 증가 분석이 논리성·적정성 측면에서 미흡하고, 국내 산업 범위와 심각한 피해의 존재 입증이 부적절하며, 수입의 가격 효과 분석과 수입 물량과 산업 피해 간의 상관관계 분석이 미흡하다고 판정했다. 반대로 긴급수입제한조치의 적용통제 측면에서 패널은 긴급수입제한조치로서의 관세액 산정과 관련한 부과기관의 재량을 인정하였으며, 조치 채택과 관련한 미국의 통지도 합리적 기간 안에 이루어졌으며, 수량제한이 아닌 할당관세 등의 형태로 긴급수입제한조치가 부과되는 경우에는 필요성에 대한 입증이나 자유화 일정의 동시통보 의무가 없다고 판단했다. 긴급수입제한조치에 대한 선행연구가 주로 발동통제에 치중한 것에 비하여 이 논문은 적용통제를 중심으로 분석을 행하였다. 필자는 긴급수입제한조치 적용통제와 관련한 이 사건 패널판정의 문제점을 지적하는 한편, 발동 측면에서 기존 판례의 통제를 완화하고 적용 측면에서는 통제를 보다 강화하는 WTO설립협정 제IX.2조에 근거한 해석결정을 채택할 것을 제안하였다.
Abstract
The United States imposed safeguard measures on imports of large residential washers (LRWs), as well as certain parts of such LRWs in February 2018. Korea brought a WTO lawsuit against the US on 14 May 2018. The WTO panel report was circulated to Members on 8 February 2022. This study summarizes and analyzes the findings of the panel, especially the application aspects of the safeguard measure. Concerning conditions for safeguard measures, the panel found that the USITC failed to prove serious injury caused by unexpected increase of imports incurred by its WTO obligations, to properly define domestic industry, to consider all the relevant factors, to analyze the correlation between imports and injury, and to distinguish and separate elements that caused injury. Concerning application of safeguard measures, the panel recognized that the US had discretion in the calculation of the level of safeguard tariffs, informed the adoption of measures within a reasonable time period, was not required to clearly justify the necessity of the safeguard measure as it took the form of quota tariff instead of quantitative restrictions. Neither was it required to communicate liberalization schedule at the time of the imposition of safeguard measure. The author argued that the Safeguards Agreement should be read as requiring a reasonable level of explanation of the necessity of a safeguard measure and a notification of liberalization schedule by the time of imposition of a measure even when the measure did not take the form of quantitative restrictions. He proposed that the WTO Members take an interpretive decision based on Article IX.2 of the Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization in order to find a new balance by relaxing the control of conditions of safeguard measures while strengthening the control of their applications.
참고문헌 (31)
- WTO 세이프가드 제도 분쟁사례 연구, "안덕근", 법무부, ~ (2006)
- 김민주, "WTO 협정상 비례성원칙 적용에 관한 연구", 국제경제법연구, 12(2), pp.67~96 (2014), (사)한국국제경제법학회
- 세이프가드 판례의 구조적 문제점, WTO 무역구제제도 조사방법과 영향에 관한 연구, "김혜림", 무역구제학회, ~ (2019)
- 배찬권, "최근 미 세이프가드(통상법 201조) 조치의 주요 쟁점과 대응방안", KIEP 오늘의 세계경제, 18(5) (2018)
- 산업통상자원부, "한국, 美세탁기 세이프가드 WTO 분쟁 승소: WTO ‘美 긴급수입 제한 조치, WTO 협정에 불합치’ 판정", 대한민국 정책브리핑, ~ (2022)
- 이길원, "GATT협정 제XX조상의 ‘필요성’ 요건에 대한 검토", 법학연구, 31(3), pp.119~145 (2020), 법학연구소[DOI]
- 이은섭, "세이프가드조치의 적법성 평가를 위한 심사기준의 적용에 관한 연구", 통상정보연구, 9(2), pp.307~325 (2007), 한국통상정보학회[DOI]
- 이진우, "지역무역협정이 WTO 긴급수입제한조치 협정상의 병행주의 적용에 미치는 영향 - 한-미, 한-캐나다 세이프가드 조치 분쟁사건을 중심으로 -", 국제법학회논총, 65(1), pp.161~204 (2020), 대한국제법학회[DOI]
- Lee, Y.-S., "Safeguard Measures in World Trade: The Legal Analysis" (2014), Edward Elgar Pub
- Piérola F., "The Challenge of Safeguards in the WTO" (2014), Cambridge University Press
- Large Residential Washers, "USITC", USITC Pub, ~, pp.USITC Pub. 4745, Inv. No. TA-201-76 (2017)
- "US Presidential Proclamation No. 9694, 83 Fed. Reg. 3553", ~ (2018)
- Report on the Appellate Body of the World Trade Organization, "USTR", ~ (2020)
- WTO, "Joint Request by the Republic of Korea and the United States for a Decision by the DSB, WT", DS546, pp.2022, ~
- Bown, C. P., "Trump Ended WTO Dispute Settlement. Trade Remedies are Needed to Fix it", World Trade Review, 21(3) (2022)
- Jones, K, "The Safeguards Mess Revisited: The Fundamental Problem", World Trade Review, 3(1) (2004)
- Kurland, J. E., "Dusting-OffSection 201: Re-Examining A Previously Dormant Trade Remedy", Georgetown Journal of International Law, 49, pp.609~ (2018)
- The Safeguards Mess: A Critique of WTO Jurisprudence, "Sykes A. O.", ~, pp.John M. Olin Program in Law and Economics Working Paper No. 187 (2003)
- Argentina-Safeguard Measures on Imports of Footwear, WT, "DS121, Panel report circulated on 25 June 1999, Appellate Body report circulated on 14 December 1999", 1999
- China-Measures Affecting Trading Rights and Distribution Services for Certain Publications and Audiovisual Entertainment Products, WT, "DS363, Appellate Body report circulated on 21 December 2009", 2009
- Colombia-Measures Relating to the Importation of Textiles, Apparel and Footwear, WT, "DS461, Appellate Body report circulated on 7 June 2016", 2016
- Korea-Definitive Safeguard Measure on Imports of Certain Dairy Products, WT, "DS98, Panel report circulated on 21 June 1999, Appellate Body report circulated on 14 December 1999", 1999
- Korea-Measures Affecting Imports of Fresh, Chilled and Frozen Beef, DS161, Panel report circulated on 31 July 2000, Appellate Body report circulated on 11 December 2000, , ~ (2000)
- Ukraine-Definitive Safeguard Measures on Certain Passenger Cars, WT, "DS468, Panel report circulated on 26 June 2015", 2015
- United States-Definitive Safeguard Measures on Imports of Wheat Gluten from the European Communities, WT, "DS166, Panel report circulated on 31 July 2000, Appellate Body report circulated on 22 December 2000", 2000
- United States-Safeguard Measure on Imports of Fresh, Chilled or Frozen Lamb from New Zealand, WT, "DS177, Panel report circulated on 21 December 2000, Appellate Body report circulated on 1 May 2001", 2001
- United States-Definitive Safeguard Measures on Imports of Circular Welded Carbon Quality Line Pipe from Korea, WT, "DS202, Panel report circulated on 29 October 2001, Appellate Body report circulated on 15 February 2002", 2002
- United States-Definitive Safeguard Measures on Imports of Certain Steel Products, WT, "DS252, Panel report circulated on 11 July 2003", 2003
- Appellate Body report circulated on 10 November 2003, , ~ (2003)
- "United States-Anti-Dumping and Countervailing Measures on Large Residential Washers from Korea, DS464, Panel report circulated on 11 March 2016, Appellate Body report circulated on 7 September 2016", ~ (2016)
- "United States-Safeguard measure on imports of large residential washers, DS546, Panel report circulated on 8 February 2022", ~ (2022)