특허 네트워크와 전략지표 분석을 통한 기업 기술융합 전략 연구
A Corporate Strategy on Technological Convergence through Analyzing Patent Networks and Strategic Indicators
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본 연구는“기술융합과정에서의 핵심기술은 무엇이며, 그 핵심기술을 지닌 기업은 누구인가? 그리고 이러한 기업의 기술 전략적 특징은 무엇인가?”라는 연구문제에 대하여 규명하고자 한다. 즉, 기술융합에 있어서 핵심/주요기술 및 이에관련한 기업들과, 이종 기술들 간 조정/통합과 제품으로의 구현을 실현하는 기술및 관련기업들을 파악하는 것이다. 이를 통하여 기술융합의 메커니즘과, 관련 기술 보유기업들의 기술전략의 특성을 산업 관점에서 규명하고자 한다. 이에 따라,인쇄기술이라는 기존기술과, 전자기술이라는 하이테크놀로지로서의 새로운 기술간 결합에 의해 발전한 인쇄전자 기술 분야를 융합기술 사례로 삼아 기업관점의기술전략을 도출하였다. 방법론에 있어서, 특허인용 네트워크 분석기법을 활용하여 개별기업 간의 기술지식의 흡수와 전수의 맥락에서 분석함으로써, 기술관점의 네트워크 연구를 기업관점으로 확장하여 연구를 진행하였다. 이를 위하여, 특허서지정보 인용 네트워크 지표를 산출하여 기술 분야별 기업들의 네트워크상의 위치와 그 의미를 파악하였다. 또한, 기업 기술전략의 의미를 찾기 위하여 특허 포트폴리오 관점의 추가적기술 전략적 지표들을 개발하여 전략군지도 형태의 기업 포지셔닝 및 행동궤적 맵을 작성하였다. 분석결과, 첫 번째, 핵심 및 주요 기술을 보유한 기업들이 기업 네트워크에서중심적 역할을 담당하고 있었다. 또한, 전략군지도에서도 자사가 보유한 핵심 기술에 대한 높은 집중도를 보이는 한편, 기술 원천 다양성은 비교적 낮다는 특성을지니고 있다. 두 번째, 타 기술 간 조정/통합을 담당하는 기업들과 응용을 통한 제품화/상업화를 담당하는 기업들의 네트워크 중심성 역시 전반적으로 높게 나타났다. 또한, 이 기업들은 전략군지도에서 전반적으로 기술 원천 다양성과 함께 기술집약도도 높여가는 방향으로의 행동을 보였다. 즉, 이러한 기업들은 다양한 특허포트폴리오를 보유하고 있는 전략을 구사하고 있음을 의미한다. 본 연구의 시사점은 다음과 같다. 기술융합의 특성을 고려하였을 때, 보다 동태적 관점에서 이종기술들의 진보의 속도나 정도에 맞추어 유연성 있는 기술전략을 수립해야 한다. 또한, 본 연구에서 제시한 방법론과 연구 구조는 향후 기업들의 기술경영과 혁신전략 진단 및 분석/평가 프레임워크로서도 활용될 수 있다는점에서 기업 특허전략에 대한 실무적 함의가 크다.
Abstract
This study aims to answer the research questions of: “What arethe core technologies in the process of technological convergence, andwhich corporations have such core technologies? Further, what aretechnological and strategic characteristics of such corporation?” Assuch, this study identifies the mechanisms of convergence technologyas well as technology strategic characteristics of firms that possess therelevant technologies from the industrial perspective. Accordingly, weintend to draw corporate technology strategies by analyzing printedelectronics as an exemplar of convergence technology, which developedthrough the combination of an existing technology (printingtechnology) and a high technology (electronics). With regards to methodology, we expand the patent citation fromtechnological standpoint to corporate standpoint. To this end, weemploy the analytic methods of patent citation network in order tounderstand the absorption and outflows of technological knowledgeamong firms. Additionally, we construct strategic group map ofcorporate positioning and its trajectories by utilizing technologystrategic indicators of patent portfolios. Based on the analysis results, we noted that first, the firms withcore functional technologies (ink: core function player) had central positions in the corporate network. Additionally, they showed apropensity of increasing the technological intensity on the printedelectronics, while had the low knowledge source diversity. Second, thelevel of network centrality also appeared to be generally high in thefirms that are in charge of coordination and integration among disparatetechnologies (device: Integrator) and firms engaged in manufacturingand commercialization through applications (electronics:Commercializer). Furthermore, within the strategic group map, thesefirms in general displayed the behavior of enhancing technologicalintensity on printed electronics along with knowledge source diversity. In other words, it indicates that such firms are employing the strategy ofowning a diversified patent portfolio. This study has implications as follows. The corporate strategyrelated to technological convergence should be established andimplemented from the dynamic perspective which reflects evolutionarypattern of each technology field. This study also has an implication inthat the research methodologies and structures in this study can beutilized for the policy evaluation framework in technology managementand the related innovation strategy.
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