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기업의 공공기술 도입동기에 따른 사업화 성공요인 분석

A Study of Success Factors in Public Technology Transfer: The Implications of Licensee’s Motivation

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초록

공공연구기관으로부터 기술을 이전받은 기업의 사업화 성공에 미치는 요인들이 무엇인지를 찾아보았다. 29개 공공연구기관에서 이전한 기술 5,411건을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였고, 684건의 응답결과를 활용하였다. 기술이전 후 사업화 성공까지를 포괄적으로 분석하였다는 점에서 연구의 의의가 있으며, 특히 기업의 기술도입동기를 기술력확보와 기술의 권리확보로 구분하여 분석하였다는 점에서 기존연구들과의 차별성이 있다. 기술도입동기와 무관하게 공공연구기관의기술이전성과(=기술료수입/연구비지출)는 기업의 사업화 성공에 부정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 기술력 확보를 목적으로 한 경우 연구자지원이 양(+)의 영향을 주었고, 기술의 권리 확보가 목적일 경우 기업의 흡수역량이 양(+)의 영향을주었다. 분석결과를 토대로 공공연구기관의 기술이전 성과와 기업의 사업화 성공간의 연결고리 확보를 위해 성과공유형 기술료 제도의 확산과 연구자 인센티브 배분비율의 차등화를 제시하였다. 또한 중개조직 참여가 기술력 확보가 목적일 때는부(-)의 영향을, 반대로 기술의 사용권리 확보를 목적으로 하였을 때에는 정(+)의영향을 준 결과를 통해 중개조직의 효과적인 비즈니스 모델 수립에 참고할 수 있는 일련의 시사점을 제공하였다.

Abstract

This study investigates the potential factors that might affect the technology commercialization (TC) of public research institutions and universities (PRI&U) using unique data sets. The data includes commercialization status, intermediaries’s involvement, receiver’s absorptive capabilities and licensee’s motivation of 1,087 licensed contracts between 29 PRI&Us and private companies. Samples are divided into two groups based on the licensee’s motivation- technology acquisition and securing rights of technology. The results show that no matter what licensee’s motivation is, technology transfer performance of PRI&U is negatively associated with technology commercialization. On the other hand, researcher’s additional support affects TC positively when technology acquisition is the motivation for technology transfer, and firm’s absorptive capacity is positive to TC in securing rights of technology. Technology intermediaries’ involvement have a positive effect on TC for securing rights of technology, but a negative effect in the case of technology acquisition.

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