국가 R&D 성과 기술이전의 결정요인에 관한 연구 - 개별 특허수준의 라이센싱을 대상으로
The Determinants of Technology Transfer of Output from National R&D Program
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국가연구개발 성과의 효과적인 활용을 위해서는 이들 성과의 라이센싱에 대한체계적인 분석이 필요한데, 이를 위해, 본 연구는 개별 특허수준에서 국가연구개발 성과의 라이센싱 결정요인을 분석하였다. 분석데이터로는 두 가지 데이터베이스를 활용하였는데, 첫 번째는 2010년에 특허청이 조사한 국가 R&D 특허기술이전 실태조사의 결과를 활용하였으며, 두 번째 데이터는 2006년~2009년 사이에 국가연구개발사업을 통해 출원된 특허데이터를 활용하였고, 두 데이터베이스를 결합시켜 2006년~2009년 사이에 대학 및 공공연에서 출원된 특허 중에서 기술이전된 특허를 식별하고 이들 특허의 특성과 기술이전 사이의 관계를 분석하였다. 국가연구개발성과의 라이센싱 성과를 크게 라이센싱이 되었느냐의 여부와 라이센싱이 되었다면 몇 건 되었느냐 즉 일종의 회전율, 그리고 라이센싱을 통해 얼마만큼의 라이센싱수입을 획득했느냐로 구분하여 추정한 결과, 전반적으로청구항수, 등록여부와 출원인수 등의 특허의 가치를 나타내는 지표가 라이센싱 성과에 효과적인 것으로 나타났고, 대규모 연구자금 규모가 라이센싱 성과 제고에효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 이를 통해, 연구개발주체측면에서는 출연연 및 국공립연구소가 대학보다 라이센싱 성과에 우위를 가지며, 기업-연구소의 협력방식이라이센싱 성과에 유리한 것으로 나타났고, 라이센싱의 성과를 제고하기 위해서는연구자에 대한 금전적인 인센티브를 강화해야 하고, 라이센싱 수입을 증대시키기위해서는 라이센싱 협상 등의 역량을 제고하기 위해 facilitator와 TLO에 대한배분을 확대시킬 필요가 있는 것으로 나타났다.
Abstract
This paper tries to analyze the determinants of technology transfer of output from national R&D program at the level of individual patent,focusing on public organization such as universities and public research institute. Combining the information of the nature of patents and national R&D program, and the information of licensing, this paper try to distinguish three aspects of licensing, that is, whether the patent was licensed or not, the frequency of licensing, and the revenue through licensing patents. As a result, we can find out that the quality of patent such as the number of claims, the number of applicants was shown to be effective in enhancing the performance of licensing, and the volume of national R&D program can also effective. In addition, we can say that the cooperation between corporate entity and research institute is beneficial to the licensing performance, and it is necessary to enhance the monetary incentive toward inventor in order to enhance licensing performance. Lastly, it is needed to make it larger the portion of licensing revenue toward facilitator and TLO with an aim to enhance their skill of licensing negotiation in order to enhance licensing revenue.
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