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재난구호·복구지원활동 개선을 위한 국제협력방향- 인도양 쓰나미 재난 사례를 중심으로 -

International Cooperation for Improvement of Disaster Relief Response and Recovery Assistance - The Case of the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami -

왕석동
(사)위기관리이론과실천 (Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis)|2013.10|Crisisonomy|제9권 제10호|pp. 25-52

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재난관리국제협력쓰나미international cooperationdisaster managementtsunamiemergency reliefdisaster recovery긴급구호복구지원

초록

본 연구에서는 2004년 발생한 인도양 쓰나미 재난사태 구호과정과 복구지원 과정에 있어서 일어났던 문제점들을 살펴보고, 국제사회의 인도주의적 구호활동에서 반복되는 문제점들에 대한 개선방안을 모색해본다. 2004년 당시 쓰나미 재해에 대해 세계 각국은 각 원조단체들에게 풍족한 성금을 제공했고, 이에 힘입어 각 원조단체들은 협력이나 업무조정을 통해 원조활동의 시너지효과를 내기보다는 각자가 단시간에 가시적인 성과를 올릴 수 있는 개별 프로젝트에 몰두하는 경향을 보였다. 그 결과 재난구호활동에 있어 많은 시행착오와 비효율이 발생하였으므로, 본 연구는 재해를 입은 국가의 정부와 선도적 국제 원조기관, 그리고 해외 원조단체들이 어떻게 업무조정을 통해 원조의 효율성을 높일 수 있는지를 검토해본다. 재해국 정부는 정확한 정보와 행정지원 서비스를 업무조정회의를 통해 제공함으로서 각 원조단체들의 참여와 협력을 유도해야 하며, 유엔 등의 선도 원조기관은 재난 관련 전문인력과 공용자원을 신속히 재난현장에 제공함으로써 업무조정회의를 효율적으로 이끌어 나갈 필요가 있다. 그리고 원조기관들은 재난 현장조사와 재난활동 평가작업을 공동으로 수행함으로써, 재난 구호활동의 불필요한 중복과 공백을 막는 한편, 원조활동 전반에 관한 객관적인 평가가 공동으로 이루어지도록 하는 것이 바람직하다. 이러한 공동 평가 보고서의 작성과 홍보는 재난 구호활동에 참여하는 원조기관들의 업무조정 참여와 협력을 이끌어내는데 긍정적인 기여를 할 것으로 기대된다.

Abstract

This study reviews the problems that were observed in the emergency relief assistance activities and recovery process after the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami disaster, and it seeks the measures for improvement to prevent repeating problems in international humanitarian activities. The generous funds that were collected for relief of the 2004 Tsunami led many international humanitarian assistance organizations to focus on their individual projects for more visible and tangible outcomes in a short period of time rather than on cooperation and coordination among themselves for synergy effects of aid. As this incurred many trials and errors as well as inefficiency, this study examines the ways to enhance aid effectiveness through cooperation and coordination among governments, international organizations and INGOs. The government of disaster-hit countries need to induce participation and cooperation of humanitarian assistance organizations by providing accurate information and facilities for relief work through a coordination meeting, while a leading organization or the UN needs to manage the coordination effectively by swiftly providing professional staff and commonly usable resources to the fields. It would be desirable for humanitarian assistance organizations to conduct jointly needs assessment and evaluation of the activities, in order to prevent duplications and gaps and produce an objective evaluation of the overall assistance activities. It is expected that production and promotion of a joint evaluation report would positively contribute to inducing humanitarian assistance organizations to participate in coordination and cooperation.

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