댐 붕괴에 의한 댐 하류지역의 홍수범람 영향에 관한 연구
A Study on Flood Impact upon the Downstream Area of A river by Dam Break
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초록
최근 기후변화로 인하여 홍수 및 가뭄의 발생 빈도가 전 세계적으로 증가하고 있다. 우리나라에서도 이러한 이상기후의 발생으로 인한 집중호우가 크게 증가하고 있는 실정이며 이는 제방의 월류, 수공구조물의 파괴, 저류지의 침수 등 다양한 홍수 피해를 발생시키고 있다. 전북 및 전남지역의 경우 최근 기록적인 집중호우가 발생하고 있으나, 댐이 건설된 이후 댐 붕괴위험에 대한 연구 및 A 지역 강 본류의 홍수범람 영향에 대한 연구는 많이 부족한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 가능최대강수량 발생 시 A댐의 가상 댐 붕괴를 모의하여 붕괴지속시간에 대한 첨두홍수량을 산정하고, MIKE FLOOD 모형을 이용하여 붕괴지속시간별 A 댐의 하류지역인 B, C지역에 영향을 미치는 범람시간, 범람양상 및 침수면적을 모의하였다. A강 본류의 제방여유고를 분석한 결과, A강 상류의 산지지역을 제외하고, 대부분 계획홍수위 및 기존의 제방고보다 높은 수위가 발생하였다. B지역은 제방 월류 수위가 최대 8.80m 까지 발생하였고, C지역은 제방 월류 수위가 최대 2.77m 까지 발생하였다. A 댐 붕괴에 따른 댐 하류부 B와 C지역의 침수발생시점, 최대 침수심 및 홍수범람도를 제공하여 향후 A 유역의 홍수 예 ‧ 경보 및 방재계획 수립에 활용될 수 있을 것이다.
Abstract
In these days, drought and flood occurs more frequently throughout the world due to an unusual exchange in the weather. As the localized torrential rainfall increases, the possibility of flood occurrence such as river flood, bank decay, reservoir destruction also increased due to worn out or impairment of the hydraulic structures caused by flood damage. Especially, there have been several historic localized torrential rainfall in Chullabuk-do and Chullanam-do, there is no enough research done about the risk of the A dam decay after its construction nor the flood-risk mapping of main A river. Therefore, in this research, postulated dam failure of A dam during maximum possible precipitation is proposed and investigated in order to calculate not only the peak flood for the continuous collapse time, but also the flooding hour, flooding type and flooded area extent that hourly influences B county, C county by using the MIKE FLOOD model. In analyzing the receptive capacity of the embankment in the main stream of the A River, except the mountainous region in its upstream, the receptive capacity of the embankment is higher than the planned flooding level and the existing embankment height, the embankment water level in the B region occurred up 8.80m in maximum, the embankment water level in the C region occurred up 2.27m in maximum. By using the flooding occurrence point, the maximum flooding depth, the flood graph of time and season, of the B and the C region to be caused by the breaking of the A river, the forecast and alarm and disaster prevention for the flood of the A river basin in the future should be planned.
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