인권과 행정관리의 절충적 국경관리? - 서독의 동독이탈주민 수용원칙과 실제 -
A Compromised Border Control between Human Rights and Administrative Management? - West Germany's Principles and Practices for Accepting East German Refugees -
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초록
본 연구는 최근 긴요한 위기관리 대상으로써 국경관리의 중요성이 커지는 가운데, 향후 급변사태 등으로 인한 북한이탈주민의 대량발생시 현재와 같이 입국과 동시에 자국민으로 간주하여 전격적으로 수용과 지원을 하고 있는 제도의 지속가능성에 의문을 가지고 분단기 서독의 동독이탈주민 수용사례에 대한 검토를 통해 시사점을 찾고자 하는 목적으로 수행되었다. 선행연구 검토를 바탕으로 이주결정의 배출/흡입(push/pull)모델을 중심으로 수용대상과 수용역량 양 측면에서 수용의 영향요인을 살펴보고자 하였는데 이 때 수용대상 측면은 동독이탈주민의 이주구조(수와 방식)와 속성(이주동기, 정서)으로, 수용역량 측면은 서독사회의 수용능력이 전제되므로 정치⋅경제적 영향을 고려해 분석하였다. 연구결과 서독의 수용원칙 설정과 활용은 다양한 수용영향요인에 따라 유연하게 이루어졌음을 파악할 수 있어 우리의 일률적인 탈북자 수용정책과는 상이한 점을 발견할 수 있었다. 즉 수용 여부를 나누는 기준 설정과 수용시 혜택, 그리고 수용하지 않을 경우 인도주의적 측면에서 송환은 하지 않더라도 지원혜택을 현실화하는 방안에서 주요한 시사점을 도출하였다.
Abstract
Border control becomes more important as a target of critical crisis management. In this study we examine the sustainability of the current border control system that allows North Korean defectors full acceptance in case of sudden changes in the near future. The objective of this study is to investigate what kinds of acceptance principles were implemented in the case of West and East Germany and to find out implications for Korea. To find out influencing factors of acceptance, it focuses on the push-pull factor model of migration decision: reception target group(structure: number and mode, attribute: motivation and emotion) and reception capacity(influence by political and economic conditions). The results indicate that West Germany's acceptance principles were flexible and adaptable to various acceptance factors. The main implications from this study include the setting of the criteria for acceptability, benefits for acceptance and the realization of some benefits in case of rejection such as no repatriation to origin country in humanitarian terms.
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