Post-2015 체제에 따른 개도국 기후변화적응 공적개발원조 사업전략에 관한 연구
A Strategic Plan on ODA1) Projects for Capacity Building of Developing Countries on Climate Change Adaptation according to Post-2015 Agenda
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초록
우리나라가 2010년 경제협력개발기구(OECD) 개발원조위원회(DAC)에 가입함에 따라 공적개발원조(ODA) 규모 및 개도국 지속가능성장 사업 지원이 해마다 확대되고 있는 추세이다. 특히, 기상⋅기후분야는 개발도상국가의 자연재해 피해 저감과 기후변화에 따른 적응 능력 배양에 직결된다는 점에서 매우 중요한 분야이며, 자연과학, 공학, 사회과학이 총망라되는 분야이므로 기존의 다른 공적개발원조사업과는 구별되는 특수성을 바탕으로 기획되고 관리되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 국내외 공적개발원조 기관(KOICA, EDCF, USAID, GTZ, JICA)과 국제금융기구(WB, ADB)의 기상⋅기후 공적개발원조사업 현황을 조사하고, Post-2015 합의 이후 우리나라의 기상⋅기후 유무상 공적개발원조사업후속관리를 위한 제도적 방안을 도출하였다. 또한 효율적인 개도국의 기후변화 적응 능력 향상을위한 공적개발원조사업 추진 전담 대응 전략 조직을 제시하였다. 이 공적개발원조사업 추진 전담조직의 지휘탑은 개도국의 기후변화적응 배양을 위한 공적개발원조사업 전략을 제시하고, 대상 개도국 나라별 공적개발원조사업 발굴, 이행에 관한 감독 및 평가를 해야 할 것으로 사료된다. 마지막으로 지속가능한 개발목표 달성을 위한 효율적인 기상⋅기후 공적개발원조사업 추진을 위해 국내외관련조직들 간의 거버넌스 체계를 제시하였다.
Abstract
The Official Development Assistance (ODA) has expanded gradually in Korea since it joined the OECD DAC in 2010. The ODA projects related to weather and climate issues have been designed and managed with special attention as they require a multidisciplinary approach including natural science, engineering and social science. This study aims to review the current projects by various domestic and international ODA organizations, along with the international financial institutions such as World Bank and Asian Development Bank. Based on the review, this study provides a systematic design to plan and manage the ODA activities related to weather and climate, following the post-2015 agenda. Considering the demand in developing countries, a solid control tower along with cascading strategic components is suggested to efficiently run the ODA system. Finally, we propose to establish an effective governance system which can provide better results to accomplish the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
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