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미국 금융 위기에 따른 오바마 행정부의 스마트파워 정책

The Obama Administration’s Policy toward China after Economic Crisis

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초록

이 논문은 미국 발 금융위기 이후 세계경제 위기를 타개해야 하는 오바마 행정부가 과거 부시행정부와는 차별적인 대외정책을 추구하게 되었다는 인식하에 오바마 행정부의 대외 정책 변화를 분석하였다. 이 논문에서는 오바마 행정부의 대외 정책의 목표와 기조가 어떻게 형성되었는지, 대외정책에서 ‘스마트파워’가 제시된 배경은 무엇인지에 대하여 분석하였고 스마트파워가 오바마 행정부의대 중국 정책에 어떻게 적용되었는지를 살펴보았다. 오바마 행정부는 중국을 미국의 중요한 협력대상으로 여기면서 외교, 군사, 개발원조 분야에서 새로운 대 중국 정책을 추진하였는데, 이 부분에대해 각각 분석하였다. 구체적으로 미⋅중 전략경제대화와 같은 상설 대화 기제를 설치하고, 안보, 경제, 인권, 국제문제 등 많은 분야에서 대화와 협력을 이끌어내는 과정을 설명하고, 향후 미⋅중관계를 전망해 보았다. 논문의 후반부에서는 여전히 미⋅중간에는 군사적, 경제적인 갈등이 상존하고 있고 이러한 상황은 계속될 수밖에 없는 이유를 설명하고 있다.

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to examine the impacts of the U.S. financial crisis on the Obama Administration’s foreign policy towards China. When faced with limited resources to conduct a sustained rivalry with China, the Obama administration embraced “smart power” as a foundation of foreign policy to achieve policy goals. The U.S. and China cooperated on various issues, including maintenance of stable international system, counterterrorism, and global warming. Although the tight currency management and vigorous diplomatic engagement by China caused a serious rupture with the U.S. occasionally, both countries tried to avoid further conflicts. The Obama administration’s “smart power” policy toward China was an effective mechanism to reduce conflicts and promote cooperation between the two countries.

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