공익직불제 개편은 형평성을 제고하였는가?
Has the Reform of the Public-Benefit Direct Payment Improved the Inequality?
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초록
쌀소득등보전직불제는 우리 국민의 주곡인 쌀을 안정되게 생산할 수 있도록 하는 데 중요한 역할을담당하였다. 그러나 쌀의 공급과잉을 유발한다는 지적이 지속적으로 제기되었다. 또한, 단가가 면적에비례하여 대규모 농가에 지원이 집중되는 문제점도 제기되었다. 이에 정부는 직불제를 품목 재배와연계되지 않고, 지급단가 또한 면적이 커질수록 지급단가가 하락하도록 설계한 공익직불제를 2020년에새롭게 도입하였다. 공익직불제 개편의 효과를 과거(2017~2019년) 직불금 수령실적과 2020년 지급계획원자료를 토대로 비교한 결과, 밭에 지급되는 직불금 비중이 과거에는 14.5%에 그쳤으나, 2020년에는28.3%로 상승하여 쌀 위주의 지원 구조가 개선되었다. 한편, 농가당 직불금 수령액 평균액을 중위농가의 수령금액으로 나눈 지표(RHS, Ratio of mean to median)가 2.2 내외에서 1.69로 하락하여 농가 간격차가 크게 개선된 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 지니계수 역시 0.6 초반 수준에서 0.463으로 낮아져분배의 형평성이 개선된 것으로 나타났다.
Abstract
The Direct Payment Policy on the Rice Acreage played an important role in ensuring the stable production of rice. However, it was pointed out that the policy causes an oversupply of rice has been continuously raised. In addition, a problem was raised that the policy worked in favor of large scale farmers. Accordingly, the government introduced a new public-benefit direct payment system in 2020, which was designed so that the direct payment system was not linked to cultivation, and the payment unit price was also designed to decrease as the area increased. As a result of comparing the effects of the reorganization of the direct payment system, the proportion of direct payments paid to the dry field in the past was only 14.5%, but increased to 28.3% in 2020. Thus, the rice-oriented support structure was improved. On the other hand, the ratio of mean to median (RHS), fell from around 2.2 to 1.69, confirming that the gap between farm households improved significantly. In addition, the Gini coefficient was also lowered to 0.46 from the level at the beginning of 0.6, indicating that the distribution equity was improved.
참고문헌 (10)
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