재난현장 초기 대응을 위한 소방관의 의사결정 과정에 대한 연구
A Study on the Decision-Making Process of Firefighters for Initial Response to Disaster Scenes
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재난 현장에서는 의사결정에 충분한 시간과 정보가 제공되는데 한계가 있고 재난 현장 초기 단계에서 소방관은 매 순간 대원의 안전과 인명구조 사이에서 딜레마에 직면한다. 이러한 의사결정을 과정적 경험으로 살펴보기 위해 전현직 소방관 21명을 목적 표집하였고, 연구 참여자가 겪은 비교적 장기간에 걸쳐 일어난 복잡한 현상과 경험에 관한 자료를 수집하고 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 재난 현장에서 소방관 의 의사결정 과정을 설명할 수 있는 핵심 범주로 위험한 현장에 본능적으로 진입하는 소방관 마인드셋인 본능적 행동이 나타났다. 이러한 움직임을 위해서는 대원과 지휘관의 정서적 신뢰와 의사결정의 압박감 을 이겨낼 수 있는 스트레스 저항력을 통해 어려운 판단을 다루는 것으로 나타났다. 본 논문에서 접근한 연구 방법이 시간적인 압박과 이해관계가 있는 재난 상황에서 재난 대응 의사결정권자의 의사결정을 지원할 수 있는 연구 방향의 출발점이 되기를 바란다.
Abstract
At the disaster scene, time and information are limited for decision-making. In the early stages of a disaster, firefighters face dilemmas at every moment between the safety of their crews and saving lives. To explore this decision-making as a processual experience, this study purposively sampled 21 current and former firefighters and collected and analyzed data on the complex phenomena and experiences of the participants over a relatively long period. The study found that a key category that can explain the decision-making process of firefighters at disaster scenes is instinctive behavior, the firefighter mindset of instinctively entering a dangerous scene. This behavior requires emotional trust in the crew and commanders and stress resistance to handle difficult judgments under pressure to make decisions. The significance of this research lies in its potential to support decision-making by disaster response decision-makers in time-pressured and high-stakes disaster situations, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of emergency response.
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