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코로나19에 대한 낙관적 편견에 영향을 미치는 요인 - 미디어 이용, 자기효능감, 위험특성과 사회신뢰의 영향을 중심으로 -

Influence of Media Use, Self-Efficacy, Risk Chracteristics, and Social Trust on Optimistic Bias of COVID-19 Risk

오미영
(사)위기관리이론과실천 (Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis)|2024.04|Crisisonomy|제20권 제4호|pp. 59-79|DOI https://doi.org/10.14251/crisisonomy.2024.20.4.59

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키워드

자기효능감self-efficacy사회신뢰social trust미디어 이용낙관적 편견media useoptimistic bias위험특성risk characteristics

초록

본 연구에서는 코로나19에 대한 낙관적 편견이 어떤 요인의 영향을 받는지를 파악코자 미디어 이용, 대인커뮤니케이션 그리고 자기효능감 이외에도 위험대상이 갖는 위험특성과 사회신뢰가 감염위험성과일반적 위험성이라는 두 차원의 낙관적 편견에 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 점검하였다. 연구결과, 감염위험성 차원의 낙관적 편견에는 매스미디어 이용, 자기효능감, 그리고 위험특성 중 불확실성이 유의미한정적인 영향을 미친 반면, 대인커뮤니케이션은 부적인 영향을 미친다는 것을 발견하였다. 다음으로일반적 위험성 차원의 낙관적 편견에는 매스미디어 이용이 유의미한 정적인 영향을 미쳤으나, 치명성은부적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 사회신뢰는 감염위험성과 일반적 위험성 차원 모두에서낙관적 편견에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 기존 연구에서 낙관적 편견에 영향을미치는 요인으로 고려되었던 미디어 이용 변인 및 자기효능감 이외에 위험대상이 갖는 위험특성 요인도낙관적 편견에 영향을 미치는 주요 요인이라는 것을 제시해주며, 코로나19에 대한 예방행동을 촉진시키기 위해 낙관적 편견을 어떻게 감소시켜야 하는지 이에 대한 논의의 근거를 제공해준다.

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to figure out the factors that affect optimistic bias of COVID-19 risk. This study investigated the effects of media use, interpersonal communication, and self-efficacy, risk characteristics and social trust on two dimensions of the optimistic bias, vulnerability and general risk. The finding showed that optimistic bias, in the dimension of vulnerability, was affected by mass media use(+), interpersonal communication(-), self-efficacy(+), and uncertainty(+), and optimistic bias, in the dimension of general risk, was influenced by mass media use(+) and fatality(-). Furthermore it indicated that social trust was not the significant factor of optimistic bias in both dimensions. This study suggested that mass media use, interpersonal communication and self-efficacy as well as risk characteristics were the major factors affecting optimistic bias of COVID-19 risk. Therefore, it expands a theoretical ground for how optimistic bias is created and provides a meaningful insight on how to reduce optimistic bias and to promote preventive behavior for the public healthcare practitioners.

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