네일 미용 종사자들의 네일 제품 속 유해화학물질 인식과 건강자각증상, 직무스트레스, 직무만족도 간 구조적 관계
Structural Relationships between Nail Technicians Perception of Harmful Chemicals in Nail Care Products Subjective Health Symptoms, Job Stress, and Job Satisfaction
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초록
본 연구는 대구, 경북 지역에 거주하고 있는 20∼40대 네일 미용 종사자 314명을 대상으로 네일 미용 종사자들의 네일 제품 속 유해화학물질 인식과 건강자각증상, 직무스트레스, 직무만족도 간의 구조적 관계에 관해 살펴보았으며, 구조모형을 설정하여 이에 대한 적합성을 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 연구대상자의 연령은 25∼29세가 26.1%로 가장 많았으며 학력의 경우 전문대 재학 및 졸업이 47.1%로 가장 높게 나타났고 근무경력은 전체의 55.1%가 3년 미만인 것으로 조사되었다. 직책의 경우 직원이 52.9%로 과반수 이상으로 나타났다. 둘째, 네일샵 종사자들의 유해화학물질에 대한 인식 항목에서 ‘네일 제품 속 휘발성 유해화학물질이 네일샵 실내 공기에 나쁜 영향을 미칠 것이라 생각한다’가 평균 4.31로 가장 많았고 ‘네일 제품 속 유해화학물질이 인체에 미치는 영향을 알고 있다’가 평균 3.03으로 가장 적게 응답하였다. 셋째, 연구대상자자들의 건강자각증상, 직무스트레스, 직무만족도의 차이를 분석하였다. 연령에 따른 차이에서 건강자각증상(p<0.001)과 직무만족도(p<0.05)에서 유의미한 차이를 보였으나 직무스트레스는 유의미한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 학력에 따른 차이에서 건강자각증상과 직무스트레스에서 유의미한 차이를 보였으나(p<0.05) 직무만족도는 유의미한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 근무경력에 따른 차이에서 건강자각증상 및 직무만족도에서 유의미한 차이를 보였고(p<0.001) 직무스트레스는 유의미한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 넷째, 건강자각증상 및 직무스트레스, 직무만족도간 구조적 관계 및 조절효과를 검증한 결과 건강자각증상은 직무스트레스 및 직무만족도에 직접적인 영향을 미치고 직무스트레스 역시 직무만족도에 직접적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 한편 직무스트레스가 높을수록 직무만족도는 감소하는 것으로 분석되었다. 그리고 유해화학물질의 조절효과를 검증하기 위해 다중집단분석을 이용해 유해화학물질 인식에 따른 집단 간 경로계수를 비교하고 차이검증을 실시해 비교한 결과 유해화학물질 인식이 높은 집단, 낮은 집단 간의 경로계수 차이는 있었지만, 유해화학물질 인식은 조절변수로서의 효과는 없는 것으로 나타났다.
Abstract
environment and harmful chemicals in nail care products. The ultimate goal of the study is to help promote the nail technician’s health and increase their work efficiency and performance via improvement of their work environment. Nail technicians of age 20s-40s living in Daegu and Gyeongbuk regions were studied during the period April 25, 2018 to May 31, 2018. Out of 350 distributed questionnaires, 340 were included in the final analysis. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS Ver 21.0 and AMOS ver 21.0 software. The results were as follows. First, the greatest number of participants were aged between 25-29 years, and many participants were either attending or had graduated from a community college. Most of the participants had a career of below three years and had a job. Second, the results showed that the most important component in creating a pleasant work environment is having a good ventilation system, and the majority of the participants stated that indoor air quality of the nail salons is mostly affected by harmful chemicals present in the nail care products. Third, regarding the differences between the subjective health symptoms, job stress and job satisfaction in relation to the participants’ general characteristics differed significantly according to the age of the participants. The level of job satisfaction increased with age. Interestingly, significant differences in subjective health symptoms and job stress were also found to depend upon the level of education. Subjective health symptoms and job satisfaction also significantly differed according to the length of career. Fourth, subjective health symptoms directly affected job stress and job satisfaction, while job stress directly affected job satisfaction. These results suggested the importance of correct handling of harmful chemicals in nail care products and the need for institutional measures to improve ventilation in nail salons.
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