무환자 열매로부터 추출한 사포닌의 특성
Properties of the Saponin Extracted from Sapindus mukorossi Seeds
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초록
본 연구에서는 무환자 열매로부터 사포닌을 추출하고 그 표면활성, 기포력, 구조분석 및 암모니아에 대한 소취효과를 확인하였다. 무환자로부터 사포닌의 추출은 화장품 성분으로서 잔류용매의 문제가 없도록 물과 에탄올의 혼합 용매를 사용하여 가온 추출하여 얻을 수 있었다. 얻어진 무환자 사포닌을 계면활성제로서의 특성을 나타내어 물의 계면활성을 크게 낮추었고 우수한 거품 발생력과 거품안정도를 보였으며, 합성 계면활성제인 sodium lauryl sulfate 보다 우수한 안정도를 나타내었다. 주성분에 대한 분자량이 높게 나온 것으로 볼 때 피부에 안전할 것으로 추측되며 또한 테르페노이드에 올리고사카라이드가 다수 결합된 구조로 추정된다. 한편, 암모니아에 대한 소취효과를 측정한 결과 활성탄에 비해 우수한 결과를 나타내었으며, 이는 염색이나 퍼머 시술 후 무환자 사포닌이 함유된 모발 화장품을 사용할 겨우 높은 소취 효과로 암모니아의 냄새를 최소화할 수 있을 것이다. 결론적으로 무환자 사포닌은 향후 암모니아성 기체에 대한 우수한 소취효과로 각종 기능성 화장품의 성분으로 응용될 수 있을 것으로 여겨진다. 향후 무환자 사포닌의 소취 메커니즘과 실제 모발 세정제 제로 제조했을 때 퍼머나 염색 시술 후 모발에 잔존하는 암모니아 냄새의 제거에 대한 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.
Abstract
Surfactants which have ability to decrease surface tension through surface activation between interfaces are used as essential materials for cosmetics. These days, there is an increase in the world-wide interest to develop new natural surfactants which are biodegradable, mildness and multi-functional new amphiphilic materials to replace the synthetic surfactants. The saponin of Sapindus mukorossi seeds was obtained via hydro-alcoholic extraction at 60℃ by stirring for 2hours. The final yield was 5.8% (w/w). The chemical structure of the saponin was determined by TGA, FT-IR, LC/MS, and 1H-NMR. The results showed that the glycones of Sapindus mukorossi are oligosaccharide and aglycones are triterpenoid. The simultaneous presence of hydrophobic triterpenoid and hydrophilic oligosaccharide imparted amphiphilic nature. By using 1% saponin solution the surface tension of water could be reduced from 72 mN/m to 38.8 mN/m. through Du Nouy ring method. Foaming ability and foam stability were measured by standard bubble generating apparatus. The Ross-miles index value was 152 mm. The maximum foam volume was 162 mm. Odor adsorption ability of 1% saponin solution for ammonia gas was estimated to be 99% removal after 120 min. This value was more than activated carbon which showed 60% removal after 120 min. In conclusion, the saponin from Sapindus mukorossi seeds showed strong potential as an ingredient of multi-functional shampoo as well as a good candidate for functional hair care products.
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