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정보중심분석법(Info-Centric Analysis)을 적용한 ‘일상적 긴급상황대응’에서의 다조직 네트워크 거버넌스 분석 연구

Multi-organizational network governance analysis study in ‘Routine Emergency Response’ applying Info-Centric Analysis

이동규|이영웅
재단법인 경기연구원 (Gyeonggi Research Institute)|2021.05|GRI연구논총|제23권 제2호|pp. 193-220|DOI 10.23286/gri.2021.23.2.009

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참고문헌

키워드

Social network analysis소셜네트워크분석Core-periphery structure네트워크 거버넌스Network governance정보중심분석법일상적 긴급상황 대응중심-주변부 구조Info-Centric AnalysisRoutine emergency response

초록

재난에 대응하는데 다조직 네트워크가 요구된다. 그러나 재난의 본질적 속성과 이를 관리하는데 감당해야 하는 조정부담은 대응을 실패하게 만들기도 한다. 국내외 선행연구는 많은 조직이 참여한 재난 대응 문제점을 지적해왔다. 최근네트워크 거버넌스 형식을 분류하고 위협의 복잡도에 따라 적합한 형식이 다를 수 있다는 주장이 제기되고 있다. 대규모재난 대응의 성과를 저해하는 주요 원인 중 하나는 원활하지 못한 정보공유에 있다. 따라서 본 논문은 미시적인 수준에서 개별 조직이 관리할 수 있는 일상적 긴급상황 대응을 분석하였다. 이를 위해 부산 북부소방서 관내에서 발생한 우성개발 화재(건축물화재) 사례를 선정하였다. 분석을 위해 상호작용보다 ‘정보’를 관계로 설정한 정보중심분석법(이영웅·이동규, 2020; Steelman et al., 2014)이 연구맥락을 고려하여 수정하였다. 분석결과 건축물화재 대응을 위한 정보공유네트워크는 주도조직-운영전담조직 결합형으로 나타났다. 정보유형과 시점에 따라 공유네트워크는 밀도, 집중도, 중심-주변부 구조(C-P) 적합도에서 동질적이지 않았다. 공식기록물에서 확인된 네트워크와 서베이 결과 구성된 대인 간 공유네트워크는 달랐다. 건축물화재에서도 C-P 적합도 수치가 0.5를 초과한 실증결과는 재난대응시 중심-주변부 구조가 적합하다는 Nowell et al. (2018)의 관점을 지지한다. 다조직 네트워크 구성시 각 기관의 주도조직, 운영전담조직의 상호운용성이 충분히 고려될 때, 더 효과적인 대응을 기대할 수 있다. 출동 인력을 수집·처리했으나 공식적 기록과정에서는 소실되고 마는 정보도 관리하기 위해 종합상황실에 ‘학습담당관’과 같은 직위를 신설하는 것이 필요하다.

Abstract

A network of many organizations is required to respond to disasters. However, the overwhelming nature of disaster and the burden of coordination to manage them can sometimes lead to failure. Previous studies have pointed out challenges in disaster response involving various agencies. Recently it has been argued that appropriateness of network governance forms may vary depending on the complexity of threats. One of the major reasons for undermining the performance of largescale disaster response was poor information sharing. For practical implications, we attempted to collect data and analyze them at a more microscopic level. To this end, a building fire case that occurred in the jurisdiction of the Busan Buk-Bu Fire Station was selected. Info-centric analysis, which established ‘information’ as a relationship rather than interaction between actors was applied after reflecting the context of the study. As a result, the information sharing network’s governance form was a combination of leading organization (LO) and network administrative organization (NAO). Depending on the type of information and response period, info-sharing network showed difference in density, centralization, and core-peripheral structure fitness value (C-P value). Networks constructed from official documents and interpersonal networks based on survey were not identical in all aspects. Both were the same in that C-P value exceeded 0.5 which Nowell et al. (2018) predicted. When organizing a multi-organizational networks, the interoperability between each member’s LOs and NAOs should be considered in advance to improve the effectiveness of the response. In addition, attempts to expand the role of the all source situation room and create positions such as ‘chief-learning officer’ are necessary to manage information collected and processed by response staff but lost during the official recording process.

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