기후변화 적응을 위한 시민과학의 잠재력 : 적응 지식 간극을 중심으로
The Potential of Citizen Science for Climate Change Adaptation: Focusing on the Adaptation Knowledge Gap
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이 연구의 목적은 기후변화 적응능력 향상 및 적응정책의 효과성 제고를 위해 시민참여를 촉진하고 적응 지식의 간극을 메울 수 있는 수단으로서 시민과학의 활용 가능성을 모색하는 것이다. 국가 기후변화 적응정책이 본격적으로 시행된지 10년 이상이 지났고 과학에 기반한 적응, 시민참여 거버넌스의 중요성이 강조되어 왔지만 두 이슈를 접목하는 접근이나 구체적인 프로그램은 부족하다. ‘자발적 시민참여’, ‘과학적 요소’와 ‘개방성’을 특징으로 하는 시민과학은 기후변화위험 저감을 위한 과학 및 증거 기반 정책을 지원하는 도구로서 잠재력이 높다. 전 세계적으로도 기후변화의 추이, 원인, 영향 및 대응을 이해하는 수단으로서 시민과학은 기후변화 정책 수립 및 연구에 유용한 정보를 제공하는 역할을 하고 있다. 적응 전문가를 대상으로 한 설문조사 결과 우리나라 적응정책 수립과 이행을 위한 지식과 정보 수준은 전반적으로 부족하며 국가와 로컬 간 정보 격차도 큰 것으로 나타났다. 지식이나 정보의 절대적인 부족보다 상대적으로 지식의 통합, 지식 이전과 사용이 더 심각한 문제로 인식되고 있다. 전문가들은 시민과학이 적응 지식 간극을 줄이는데 긍정적인 역할을 할 것으로 보았으며, 시민과학의 비용 대비 효용성도 높게 평가되었다. 로컬 차원에서는 모든 항목에서 비용을 상쇄할 만큼 시민과학의 효용성이 높게 나타났다. 하지만 분야별로 적응 지식 간극 유형 및 적응정책 정보의 세부 항목에 따라 시민과학의 효용성은 차이를 보였다. 따라서 적응 분야별로 정책 수립과 이행에 필요한 지식과 적응 목표와의 격차를체계적으로 조사하고, 기후변화 관련 시민참여 프로그램에 대한 매핑 분석을 토대로 시민과학의 효용성이 높은 우선순위와 활용 기회를 파악할 필요가 있다. 그리고 적응 지식의 간극을 파악하는 과정에 지역의 이해당사자 참여가 중요하다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to explore the potential of citizen science as a means to promote citizen participation and fill the gap in adaptation knowledge in order to enhance adaptive capacity to climate change and the effectiveness of adaptation policies. Since the implementation of the national adaptation policy, the importance of science-based adaptation and participatory governance has been emphasized, but an approach or specific program that combines the two issues is lacking. Citizen science, characterized by ‘voluntary citizen participation’, ‘scientific element’ and ‘openness’, has a great potential as an approach to support scientific and evidence-based policies for climate risk reduction. Globally, citizen science is providing useful information for climate change policy development and research. As a result of the survey on adaptation experts, it was found that the level of knowledge and information for establishing and implementing Korea’s adaptation policies was generally insufficient, and the knowledge gap between the country and the local area was also large. Compared to the absolute lack of knowledge or information, the integration of knowledge, and knowledge transfer and use are recognized as more serious problems. Experts expect that citizen science would contribute to reducing the adaptation knowledge gap, and the cost-effectiveness of citizen science was also highly evaluated. In particular, at the local level, its utility was high enough to offset the cost in all categories. However, the effectiveness of citizen science differed according to the type of adaptation knowledge gap and adaptation information for each field. Therefore, it is necessary to systematically investigate the gap between the knowledge required for policy establishment and implementation by adaptation field and the adaptation goal, and to identify priorities with high utility and opportunities for use of citizen science based on the mapping analysis of climate change-related citizen participation programs. In addition, it is important to engage local stakeholders in the process of identifying adaptation knowledge gap.
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