김형준의 ‘동학사회주의’와 ‘네오휴머니즘’

Abstract

The acceptance of socialism by Joseon under Japanese rule was a part of the national liberation movement. The development of Donghak ideology at that time was strongly developed in conjunction with socialism. This study named the socialist development of Donghak ideology under Japanese colonial rule as ‘Donghak Socialism’, and tried to examine the context of Donghak ideology presented from it, centering on Kim Hyeong-jun (Kim Oh-seong). Kim Hyeong-jun was a person who stood at the center of the ideological debate with socialism in the 1930s. Kim Hyeong-jun’s Donghak Socialism was trained and formed in the course of religious debates with socialists as well as in the acceptance and criticism of Marxism. He accepted Marx’s theory of religious struggle of anti-establishment religion and reconstructed it from the standpoint of Suunism (水雲主義). In addition, by inheriting the Donghak socialism that appeared in the new culture movement, the historical view of human liberation (Kim Ki-jeon) and the development of lifestyle and class of consciousness (Lee Don-hwa) were developed into his dialectical life attitude theory. This refers to ‘Inneacheonism (人乃天主義)’ in aspects of life, meaning the dialectical humanistic movement of the unification of subjectivity and objectivity, and it was the basis of neo-humanism in the 1930s. However, while insisting on pro-humanism, Im Hwa criticized Kim Hyung-jun’s neo-humanism as ‘general humanism without definition’ and ‘Nazi fascism’.