함석헌의 평화사상비폭력주의와 협화주의(協和主義)를 중심으로

Abstract

In a word, Ham’s peace theory is the doctrine of nonviolence. Ham’s doctrine of nonviolence which got a significant influence from Gandhi and Quaker, is a force confronting to the violence and a resistance. In other words, his idea is a non-violent resistance. Tracing back to the root of idea, His theory is originated from the Christianity. The concrete movement of his doctrine of nonviolence appears as living together, community ethic and reciprocity. However, the nonviolence theory is connected to the anarchism. The anarchism of which the idea seeks the life of freedom from any forms of control and coercion is related to solidarity through mutualism, communalism and peace movement as a interracialism. Ham’s anarchism regards the nationalism as a definite violence. From his point of view, the state is originally a violence which makes politics impossible through the government and military activity causing the distribution of the sensible. Women worker’s civil right movement and hunger strike is one example of Ham’s idea in overcoming the violence. The doctrine of nonviolence is achieved through the power of the language. Chomsky, an anarchist linguist also says the language is a predominant force of liberating human from the violence by the aid of nonviolence. The poser of Ham’s nonviolence theory stems from the Jesus and Gandhi’s language and action. He is a practical philosopher and thinker who reconciles the language with the action. People criticize Ham’s movement and theory lacks durability. On that reason, Ham’s idea should find out the strategic ways for overcoming the criticism. Today, his theory casts great implications on the theory of Unification(Federalism, neutralization). The essence of his ideology lies on the philosophy of harmony and idea of harmony. It means a beautiful harmony between the individuals for the whole. The Korean society is exploiting itself and its people thorough the performance-based pay systems. This not only causes voluntary violence but also serious depression. Therefore, the realization of ethical community without violence should be achieved based on the Ham’s idea. For achieving this purpose, Ham’s anarchism orders a life that resists all forms of oppression against the freedom and knows how to regret. This is only made possible by one’s own thought and spirit.