“독일은 제2의 한국이 되어서는 안 된다” : 한국전쟁의 그늘에서 서독 재무장에 반대하는 여성 평화 운동가의 활동
“Deutschland darf kein zweites Korea werden” : Women Peace Activists’ Struggles against West German Rearmament in the Wake of the Korean War
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이 연구에서는 한국전쟁 발발 후 새로 수립된 독일연방공화국(서독)에서 평화를 위해 활동한 릴리 베흐터(독일민주여성연맹)와 클라라 마리 파스빈더(서독여성평화운동)에 대해 자세히 살펴본다. 베흐터는 국제여성민주연맹의 서독 대표로서 전쟁 중에 북한을 방문한 후유엔군의 북한 민간인 학살에 대한 강연 시리즈를 시작한 반면, 파스빈더는 처음에는 개인적으로 재무장에 반대하다가 여성 평화 협회를 설립하고 평화 대회를 조직했다. 두 여성에게 한국전쟁은 분단 독일의 상황을 전망할 수 있게 한, 활동의 중요한 출발점이었다. 베히터와 파스빈더는 정치적 배경은 달랐음에도 불구하고 아데나워 정부에 반대하는 입장에 섰고 반공주의의 기치 아래 법적, 정치적 박해에 직면했다. 이로 인해 여성 평화 운동가들은정치적으로, 그리고 여성이라는 젠더 관점에서 이중적으로 소외되었다. 이 연구는 한국전쟁당시 서독 사회와 평화 운동에 대한 이해를 높이는 데도 기여한다.
Abstract
This article takes a closer look on the two female peace activists Lilly Wächter (DFD) and Klara Marie Fassbinder (WFFB) in the newly established Federal Republic of Germany, at the start of the Korean War. Wächter visited North Korea as a West German delegate of a socialist international women’s group and after her return began a lecture series on massacres by the UN-troops against North Korean civilians. On the other hand, Fassbinder initially protested as an individual against the rearmament, before she founded a women’s peace association and organized peace congresses. For both women, the Korean War represented an important starting point for their struggles, as it was seen as a prospect of the situation in a divided Germany. While Wächter and Fassbinder had different political standpoints, both stood in opposition to the Adenauer government and faced judicial and political persecution under the banner of anti-communism. This led to a double marginalization of female peace activists, firstly as political opponents, and secondly, as women. The research also contributes to a better understanding of West German society and peace activism during the Korean War.
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