북한이탈주민의 외상 후 스트레스(PTSD)와 디스트레스(Distress)에 따른 잠재프로파일 분류 및 영향요인 탐색
Exploring the influence of latent profiles on post-traumatic stress and distress in North Korean defectors
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이 연구는 북한이탈주민의 외상 후 스트레스(PTSD)와 디스트레스(Distress)에 따른 잠재프로파일 양상과 집단 구분에 미치는 영향요인을 탐색하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 국립중앙의료원의 북한이탈주민 인권피해 트라우마 실태조사 횡단데이터로 이루어진 300명의 자료를 대상으로 잠재프로파일분석을 시행하였다. 분석결과는 첫째, 북한이탈주민의 외상 후 스트레스 및 디스트레스 양상은 저PTSD/저DISTRESS, 중PTSD/중DISTRESS, 고PTSD/고DISTRESS 집단의 세 가지 유형이 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 북한이탈주민이 북한 및 탈북과정에서 외상 사건 경험 빈도가 높을수록 외상 후 스트레스와 디스트레스 공존율이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 북한이탈주민의 외상 후 스트레스 및 디스트레스 잠재프로파일에 영향을 미치는 영향요인은 북한 및 탈북과정에서의 외상 사건 노출 빈도가 위험 요인으로 나타났으며, 남한사회에서 학력을 취득하는 수준이 높고, 결혼을 하는 것이 보호 요인으로 나타났다. 이러한 분석결과를 바탕으로 북한이탈주민의 외상 후 스트레스 및 디스트레스의 잠재프로파일 양상과 영향요인에 따른 사회심리학적 개입의 중요한 시사점을 논의하고 후속연구를 제안하였다.
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the latent profiles of post-traumatic stress symptoms and distress among North Korean defectors and the factors influencing group categorization. A latent profile analysis was conducted on 300 individuals using cross-sectional data of the trauma survey of human rights victims of North Korean defectors provided by the National Medical Center. The results of the analysis revealed that there are three distinct profiles of post-traumatic stress and distress among North Korean defectors: low PTSD/low distress, moderate PTSD/moderate distress, and high PTSD/high distress. Second, the higher the frequency of traumatic events experienced by North Korean defectors in North Korea and during the defection process, the higher the co-occurrence of post-traumatic stress and distress. Third, the influential factors affecting the latent profile of post-traumatic stress and distress among North Korean defectors were found to be the frequency of exposure to traumatic events in North Korea and during the defection process as a risk factors, and higher levels of education and marriage in South Korean society as protective factors. Based on these analyses, we discuss the latent profile of post-traumatic stress and distress among North Korean defectors, highlight the important implications of social and psychological interventions according to the influencing factors, and propose avenues for further research.
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