일본제국과 범아프리카주의의 ‘트랜스-퍼시픽 커넥션’: W. E. B. 듀보이스와 C. L. R. 제임스의 동아시아 담론을 중심으로
Trans-pacific connections Between Japanese empire and Pan-Africanism: A Study on the East Asian Discourse of W. E. B. Du Bois and C. L. R. James
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초록
이 연구는 1905년 러일전쟁에서 시작하여 1941년 태평양전쟁의 발발에 이르기까지 일본의 제국주의가 노골화되는 역사적 사건들을 통해서 W. E. B. 듀보이스가 상상된 일본을 만들어가는 과정을 추적한다. 그리고 이러한 일본의 이미지가 듀보이스의 사상 발전에 미친 다층적 영향을 여러모로 살펴보고 이를 다루기 위해서 ‘트랜스-퍼시픽’ 연구가 사용한 개념들의 타당성을 검토할 것이다. 마지막으로 C. L. R. 제임스와의 비교 연구를 통해서 듀보이스의 이론적ㆍ인식론적 한계와 그 가능한 대안을 다룰 것이다. 듀보이스에게 일본의 만주 진출은 백인의 세계 지배와 피부색 차별에 도전하는 새로운 형태의 범아시아주의에 대한 판타지를 제공하였고, 이를 통해서 그는 자신의 범아프리카주의 사상을 발전시켰다. 반면 제임스는 일본제국 서사에 대항하는 아이티 혁명 서사와 함께 듀보이스의 낭만주의 인종 개념과 사회주의 개념의 한계를 넘어설 수 있는 대안적 이론을 정교화하였다. 이 연구는 듀보이스와 제임스의 동아시아 담론을 통해서 기존 흑인 급진주의와 범아프리카주의 연구의 대서양 중심적 접근에서 벗어나서 트랜스-퍼시픽 커넥션을 강조한다. 그리고 이를 통해서 아프리카계 디아스포라의 정체성 형성에 존재하는 다양성과 복잡성을 보여주려고 한다.
Abstract
The study first examines the imaged Japan which W. E. B. Du Bois made through the historical events from the Russo-Japanese War in 1905 to the Pacific War in 1941. And then it looks at impact of the imaged Japan on Du Bois’ global politics and theoretical reflections around Afro-Asian solidarity and racial equality. Finally, It reveals Du Bois’ theoretical and epistemological problems through comparison with C. L. R. James’ thought. To W. E. B. Du Bois, Japan's the Manchurian Incident provided a fantasy of a new form of Pan-Asianism that challenged white domination and color line. He developed a new racial philosophy of human emancipation, and pan-africanism, could unleash new kinds of knowledge and critical resistance to white supremacy within Black political life through his black socialist Manchurian narrative. On the other hand, C. L. R James, along with his Haitian revolutionary narratives against Du Bois’ Manchurian narrative, developed a political position that could transcend the limitations of concept of race and socialism in his thought. James has never visited East Asia, but provided theoretical and epistemological possibilities of Afro-Asian solidarity, questioning the geographical and cultural boundaries of race and civilization. This study emphasizes the trans-pacific connection of Black radicalism and Pan-Africanism, away from the Atlantic-centric approach, through the East Asian discourse of Dubois and James. And It is intended to show the diversity and complexity in the formation of identity in the African Diaspora.
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