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대학 일반화학 교과과정 변화의 쟁점과 함의

Implications of Change in General Chemistry Curriculum at University

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주제분류학제간연구

초록

교양교육이 보편화된 미국의 대학에서 일반화학을 포함한 기초과학 교육은 교양교육의 핵심 요소이기 때문에 20세기 이후 국가수준에서 일반화학 교과과정 개선안이 여러 차례 발표되었다. 이 논문은 미국 대학 일반화학 교과과정 개편의 사례를 고찰하여 변화의 방향과 쟁점을 도출하 여 제시하였다. 미국 대학의 일반화학 교과과정은 20세기 초 서술화학에서, 1950년대 개념과 이 론 중심의 지식체계로, 1990년대 이후 사회적 맥락과 탐구를 강조하는 방향으로 개편되었다. 한 세기 동안의 긴 개편 과정에서 화학의 기본이 되는 핵심 아이디어를 다양한 맥락에서 도출하여 일반화학 교과 내용의 표준으로 정립된 측면이 있고, 수강생의 다수를 차지하는 비전공자의 동기 와 기대에 대한 고려가 점차 강화된 측면이 있다. 지난 한 세기 동안 미국대학 일반화학 교과과 정 개편의 함의는 일반화학 교과과정이 지식 체계로서 측면뿐 아니라 지식이 형성되는 과정도 동 시에 강조하고, 개인의 삶과 사회에서 화학의 역할과 가치를 경험할 수 있는 방향으로 개선이 필 요함을 시사한다. 이의 실현을 위해서는 광범위한 개념이나 이론을 다루기보다는 핵심 아이디어 중심으로 개념의 연계와 사회적 맥락이 드러나도록 다시 구조화할 필요가 있다. 국내 대학의 일 반화학이 여전히 지식 전달에만 치중한 것에 대한 반성적 검토가 필요하다.

Abstract

Since the basic science education including general chemistry is a key element of liberal arts education in American universities where liberal arts education has been prevalent, many revisions of general chemistry curriculum have been announced at the national level since the 20th century. This paper examines the curricular review of general chemistry in the United States and draws out the trends and issues of change. The general chemistry curriculum of American universities has been changed from the descriptive inorganic chemistry in the early 20th century to conceptual and theory based knowledge system in the 1950s, and to contextual and inquiry based chemistry in 1990s. In the reorganization over the course of the century, the core idea of chemistry has been derived from various contexts and has been established as a standard of general chemistry contents. Consideration for motivation and expectations of non-students has increased over time. The implications of the reorganization of the general chemistry curriculum in the United States over the past century have been that the general chemistry curriculum emphasizes not only the aspects of chemistry as a knowledge system but also the processes of development and the role and value of chemistry in individual life and society. In order to realize this, it is necessary to reorganize the conceptual and the social context, rather than focus on the broad concepts or theories. It is necessary to review the fact that the general chemistry courses of Korean universities is still focused on the knowledge itself.

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