唐代 孝倫理·實踐과 韓半島로의 傳播

Abstract

In order to create and develop the ruling system, 'Filial Piety' and 'Loyalty' were articulated as ideological core values to the medieval Chinese and Asian societies. What ethics were selected and emphasized in regard to 'Filial Piety' and 'Loyalty' in the Tang dynasty? Furthermore how did this 'Filial Piety', which had been highlighted consecutively from the ancient times, developed in the Tang dynasty? This study will examine circumstances that emphasized “Filial Piety” in a national level by focusing on Tang’s laws. In addition, during the overall reign of the Tang dynasty, how was the ethics of “Filial Piety” from the Emperor to the Tang people? In case of policy making, how was “Filial Piety” emphasized and encouraged? How was “Filial Piety” applied to government officials and its people? These questions will be analyzed by reviewing cases. Thereby, this study reviewed Tang Dynasty’s “Filial Piety” ethics and The classic of Filial Piety with imperial annotations(御註孝經), how Tang emperors emphasized The classic of Filial Piety(孝經) personally and policy-wise to encourage “Filial Piety” ethics and policy of encouraging “Filial Piety” in Chapter 2. In Chapter 3, The Book of Filial Piety written by the Emperor’s purpose of publication, publication process, and contents were analyzed, and “Extreme Filial Piety” including ‘sacrifice(割股)’, ‘grave station(廬墓)’ was examined. For regular citizens, “Filial Piety” was emphasized in Tang’s society because government officials reformed citizens by the value that citizens believed important. For emperors, similar to government officials, they emphasized “Filial Piety” to be praised as great emperor(名君) by future generations. Above facts showed that the Tang Dynasty emphasized “Filial Piety” and government power influenced “Filial Piety” as family ethic. During Tang age, it was a period when law and governing system were reorganized, therefore “Filial Piety” which was very personal and more emphasized in private area was absorbed under law system in the government dimension. This phenomena can be learned through Tang’s situation of completion of law and governing system, case that Emperor Taizong(太宗) emphasized The classic of Filial Piety(孝經). In conclusion, during the Tang age, in contrast to prior studies, “Filial Piety” was emphasized not only in the early period of Tang, but in entire Tang age. In contrast to prior dynasty that used “Filial Piety” to give regime usurpation(簒奪政權) legitimacy politically, and used as a method to control nobility, Tang absorbed “Filial Piety” from personal area to law system and emphasized it as an ideology to control and govern its people. It can be said that installation of ideology for “Filial Piety” concept in Tang age took place throughout the overall society. ‘Loyalty’ and ‘Filial Piety’ as personal ethics mutually coexisted until Han Dynasty absorbed “Loyalty” in governing system and Tang Dynasty absorbed “Filial Piety” was redefined as an ideology to govern citizens. These facts were revealed during the process that two values were used as methods for emperors to be praised as great emperor. Through this process, it can be seen that “Filial Piety” took a role of supplementing “Loyalty” institutionally.