식민지시기 ‘洞中’ 운영과 ‘契’의 지속 양상―平海 狗巖洞 사례를 중심으로―

Abstract

This thesis has contemplated the trend of operating ‘Dongjung(洞中)’ focusing on the ‘gye(契)’ organizations formed in Guam-dong(狗巖洞), Pyeonghae-gun(平海郡), Gangwon-do(江原道), during the colonial era. The constituents in the village in the traditional times formed the so-called Dongjung for carrying out the response to the taxation, enhancement of welfare and carrying out community projects. And the dominant groups in the village influenced on the Dongjung operation through the Donggye. In Guam-dong where it was half-agriculture and half-fisery village, the Donggye and the senior group of the Donggye(洞契), Nobangye(老班契), initiated the Dongjung operation. After Guam-dong was established, the Nobangy monopolized not only the Dongjung operation but also various interests for the village as well. However, with the time turning into with the colonial era, the Dongjung operation was in transition as well. First of all, the scope of participation for the Donggye was broadened. Although it was not a poor village, Guam-dong also had certain discrimination among the classes. Accordingly, the lower tier class that could be classified as ‘Hanmin(閒民)’ had restrictions for Donggye participation. However, while the concept of social class disintegrated, most of village constituents were able to participated in the Donggye. During the earlier times, for the case of Gwakam-gwon(藿巖權) as the right to harvest mustard, the Nobangy that was the senior group of Donggye had the monopoly. However, through the colonial period, most of village constituents acquired the Gwakam-gwon. During the colonial period, the Nobangy was om the posotopm to distribute and adjust the Gwakam-gwon, not to monopolize it. With the village ruling of the colonial governing organization strengthening, the taxation function of the Donggye-led Dongjung naturally diminished. Instead, the songgye that had the main business in mutual cooperation among the village constituents had become vitalized, and this trend also demonstrated that the class perspective within the village had become weakened.