1840~1910년 江原道 平海郡 狗巖洞의 ‘洞中’ 운영과 契

Abstract

This study examines the aspects of operating ‘Dongjung’ in Guam-dong of Pyeonghae-gun in Gangwon-do from 1840 to 1910. After late Chosun, each of the villages formed Dongjung in order to cope with taxation, enhance welfare, and carry out community projects and operated it with autonomous organizations like Donggye. The phenomena appeared diversely according to the characteristics of the members in the villages and environment of their occupations. Guam-dong was a village of half farming and half fishing, and there existed several Gye associated with the operation of Dongjung. Among them, we would have to pay attention to Nobangye which formed the upper layer of Donggye. In Guam-dong, villagers not joining in Donggye were called as Hanmin, and their social and economic status was relatively lower within the village. Any of them joining in Donggye and willing to do Dongjung’s hard work as Yusa came to be qualified as a member of Noban. ‘Dongsu’, ‘Jonwi’, and ‘Jwasang’ were the very spots that comprised Nobangye. Through Donggye, they influenced the operation of Dongjung in general and also operated several interests exclusively. Particularly, while expanding the finances of Dongjung with Gwakambangmaegwon, seaweed collecting, or anchovy fishing, they could gain profits, too, financially. Also, Nobangye did have great influence over the administration of taxes imposed in the unit of a village according to the practice of Gongdongnap. Meanwhile, Dongjung requested tax reduction or adjustment to the government agency externally as a way to settle down the villagers’ common interests and also sought coexistence through mutual cooperation among neighboring villages, government agencies, Buddhist temples, or individuals.