자기-자비가 외상 후 성장에 미치는 영향: 침습적 반추와 성찰적 반추의 이중매개효과와 자기-자비의 조절된 매개효과
The Influence of Self-Compassion on Post-traumatic Growth: Testing the Dual Mediation Effect of Intrusive Rumination and Reflective Rumination and the Moderated Mediation Effect of Self-Compassion
0
조회
0
다운로드
3
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
본 연구는 외상 후 성장 과정에서 자기-자비의 영향을 밝히기 위해 외상 후 스트레스와 외상 후 성장의 관계에서 침습적 반추와 성찰적 반추의 이중매개효과 및 자기-자비의 조절된 매개효과를 검증하였다. 이를 위해 서울, 경기, 경상, 충청도 등에 거주하는 성인을 대상으로 외상경험 질문지, 한국판 사건충격 척도, 한국판 사건관련 반추 척도, 외상 후 성장 척도, 한국판 자기-자비 척도를 사용하여 설문을 실시하였고, 외상사건으로 충격을 받았다고 응답한 622명의 자료를 SPSS 21.0, PROCESS macro Model 6, Mplus 7.0을 사용하여 분석하였다. 그 결과 외상 스트레스는 침습적 반추와 성찰적 반추를 순차적으로 이중매개하여 외상 후 성장에 이르는 경로가 검증되었고, 자기-자비(자기판단, 고립, 과잉동일시: scn)는 성찰적 반추와 외상 후 성장에 영향을 미쳐 외상 후 성장 전체 경로를 조절하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 의의는 실제 외상 경험자들을 대상으로 외상 후 성장의 이론적 모형을 검증했다는 것, 그리고 외상 스트레스에 대한 대처에서 자기-자비의 적용은 부정적 구성개념인 자기판단, 고립, 과잉동일시에 대한 반응성을 낮추는 것에 초점을 두어야 한다는 것을 밝혔다는 것이다. 부가적으로 자기-자비는 기존 이론과 달리 긍정적 요인과 부정적 요인의 2차원 구성개념일 수 있다는 시사점을 얻었다. 그 밖에 연구의 제한점에 대해 논의하였다.
Abstract
This study verified the dual mediating effect of intrusive and reflective rumination and the moderated mediating effect of self-compassion in the relationship between post-traumatic stress and post-traumatic growth in order to clarify the effect of self-compassion in the post-traumatic growth process. For this purpose, a questionnaire was conducted for adults residing in Seoul, Gyeonggi, Gyeongsang, and Chungcheong-do using Traumatic Experience Questionnaire, Impact of Event Scale-Revised Korean version(IES-R-K), Event-Related Rumination Inventory Korean version(K-ERRI), Post-traumatic Growth Inventory(PTGI), and Korean version of the self-compassion scale(K-SCS). Data of 622 people who responded that they were shocked by the truma-event were analyzed using SPSS 21.0, PROCESS macro Model 6, and M-plus 7.0. As a result, the path leading to post-traumatic growth was verified by dual-mediating of intrusive and reflective rumination in order of precedence and self-compassion (self-judgment, isolation, over-identification: scn) affected reflective rumination and post-traumatic growth. It has been shown moderate the entire path of growth after trauma. The meaning of this study is that the theoretical model of post-traumatic growth was verified for actual trauma experiencers, and the application of self-compassion in coping with traumatic stress need to be focused to lower response to negative constituent concepts such as self-judgment, isolation, and over-identification. Additionally, it has been suggested that self-compassion can be a two-dimensional constituent concept of positive and negative factors unlike existing theories. Also limitations of the study were discussed.
참고문헌 (69)
- 곽아름, "침습적 반추와 의도적 반추가 외상 후 성장에 미치는 영향 : 사고통제방략의매개효과", 석사, pp.2015
- 구도연, "한국판 자기자비 척도의 요인 타당성 연구", 한국콘텐츠학회 논문지, 16(9), pp.160~169 (2016), 한국콘텐츠학회[DOI]
- 김경의, "한국판 자기-자비 척도의 타당화 연구 : 대학생을 중심으로", 한국심리학회지: 건강, 13(4), pp.1023~1044 (2008), 한국건강심리학회[DOI]
- 문현미, "인지행동치료의 제 3 동향", 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 17(1), pp.15~33 (2005), 한국상담심리학회
- 박애실, "외상 후 인지가 외상 후 성장에 미치는 영향: 침습적 반추와 의도적 반추의 이중매개효과와 적응적 인지적 정서조절전략의 조절된 매개효과 검증", 상담학연구, 17(5), pp.181~200 (2016), 한국상담학회[DOI]
- 박혜원, "외상 후 증상, 영성성 및 성장적 숙고가 외상 후 성장에 미치는 영향", 석사, 심리학, pp.2006
- 서영석, "한국인이 경험한 외상사건: 종류 및 발생률", 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 24(3), pp.671~701 (2012), 한국상담심리학회[DOI]
- 송승훈, "한국판 외상 후 성장 척도(K-PTGI)의 신뢰도와 타당도", 석사, 응용심리학, pp.2007
- 안현의, "한국판 사건관련 반추 척도(K-ERRI)의 타당화", 인지행동치료, 13(1), pp.149~172 (2013), 한국인지행동치료학회
- 유란경, "낙관성이 외상후성장에 미치는 영향 : 사건-관련 반추 및 대처의 조절 효과를 중심으로", 석사, 심리학과, pp.2012
- 양귀화, "외상 후 성장 과정에 대한 분석: 정서조절곤란, 침습적 반추, 의도적 반추의 삼중매개효과와 낙관성의 조절효과", 한국심리학회지: 건강, 19(4), pp.1041~1062 (2014), 한국건강심리학회[DOI]
- 엄미선, "핵심신념 붕괴, 침투적 및 숙고적 반추, 및 외상후 성장의 관계 : 탈중심화의 조절효과 검증", 석사, 심리학과 상담심리학전공, pp.2014
- 은헌정, "한국판 사건충격 척도 수정판의 의 신뢰도 및 타당도 연구", 대한신경정신의학회지, 4(3), pp.303~309 (2005)
- 이양자, "외상후 성장에 대한 연구 개관 : 적응과의 관계 및 치료적 적용을 중심으로", 한국심리학회지: 건강, 13(1), pp.1~23 (2008), 한국건강심리학회[DOI]
- 이형권, "조절분석과 조절된 매개분석 및 매개된 조절분석의 오해와 진실", 관광연구, 31(3), pp.213~248 (2016), 대한관광경영학회
- 한은애, "외상 후 성장에 대한 두 가지 반추 양식의 영향 : 심리적 수용의 조절효과를중심으로", 석사, pp.2015
- Allen, J., "Coping with trauma: Hope through understanding" (2005), American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc
- American Psychiatric Association, "정신질환의 진단 및 통계편람" (2015), 학지사
- Baer, R. A., "Assessing mindfulness and acceptance processes in clients: Illumination the therapy and practice of change", pp.135~153 (2010), New Harbinger Pulications
- Breslau, N., "Traumatic events and posttraumatic stress disorder in an urban population of young adults", Archives of General Psychiatry, 48(3), pp.216~222 (1991)
- Brewin, C. R., "Meta-analysis of risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed adults", Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 68(5), pp.748~766 (2000)
- Bauwens, J., "Professional posttraumtic growth after a shared traumatic experience : Manhattan clinicians perspective on post-9", 11 practice, 2010, pp.15, 498~517
- Calhoun, L. G., "A correlational test of relationship between posttraumatic growth, religion, and cognitive processing", Journal of Traumatic Stress, 13(3) (2000)
- Calhoun, L. G., "Handbook of posttraumatic growth-research and practice" (2006), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
- Calhoun, L. G., "외상후 성장: 상담 및 심리치료에의 적용" (2015), 학지사
- Cann, A., "Assessing posttraumatic cognitive process: The Event Related Rumination Inventory", Anxiety, Stress & Coping:An International Journal, 24(2), pp.137~156 (2011)
- Caver, C. S., "On the self-regulation of behavior" (1998), Cambridge University Press
- Costa, J., "Validation of the sychometric Properties of the Self‐Compassion Scale. Testing the Factorial Validity and Factorial Invariance of the Measure among Borderline Personality Disorder, Anxiety Disorder, Eating Disorder a and General Populations", Clinical Psychology & Psychothrtapy, 23(5), pp.460~468 (2015)
- Cusack, K. J., "Unrecognized Trauma and PTSD among Public Mental Health Consumers with Chronic and Severe Mental Illness", Community Mental Health Journal, 42, pp.487~500 (2006)
- Figley, C. R., "Compassion Fatigue:Psychotherapists’ Chronic Lack of Self Care", Psychotherapy in Practice, 58(11), pp.1433~1441 (2002)
- Foa, E. B., "Emotional Processing of Fear: Exposure to Corrective Information", Psychological Bulletin, 99(1), pp.20~35 (1986)
- Germer, C. K., "동서양의심리학적 관점에서 알아보는 마음챙김과자기연민" (2016), 학지사
- Gilbert, P., "Fears of Compassion: Development three self-report measures", Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 84, pp.239~255 (2011)
- Gilbert, P., "Compassionate mind training for people with high shame and self-criticism : Overview and pilot study of a group therapy approach", Clinical psychology &psychotherapy, 13, pp.353~379 (2006)
- Harrington, J. A., "Ruminative Thought and Their Relation to Depression and Anxiety", Journal of Applied Psychology, 32(3), pp.465~485 (2002)
- Hayes, A. F., "매개분석 조절분석 및 조절된 매개분석(Process macro를 이용한)" (2015), 신영사
- Hayes, S. C., "Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: An experiential approach to behavior change" (1999), Guilford Press
- Horowitz M., "Impact of Event Scale: a measure of subjective stress", Psychosom Med, 41, pp.209~218 (1979)
- Janoff-Bulman, R., "Shattered assumptions" (1992), The Free Press
- Klein, A. G., "Maximum likelihood estimation of latent interaction effects with LMS method", Psychometrika, 65(4), pp.457~474 (2000)
- Leary, M. R., "Self-compassion and reaction to unpleasant self-relevant event : The implications of treating oneself kindly", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92(5), pp.887~904 (2007)
- Linehan, M. M., "Dialectical behavior therapy : An integrative approach to the treatment of borderline personality disorder", Journal of sychotherapy Integration, 4(1), pp.55~82 (1994)
- López, A., "A reconsideration of the Self-Compassion Sacle's total score : self-compassion versus self-criticism", PloS One, 10(7) (2015)
- Martin, L. M., "Uminative Thought: Advance in social cognition", pp.189~209 (1996), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers
- Muris, P., "Rotection as the Mirror Image of Psychopathology: Further Critical Notes on the Self-Compassion Scale", Mindfulness, 7, pp.787~790 (2016)
- "Latent variable interactions" (2012)[URL]
- Neely, M. E., "Selh-kindness when facing stress : The role of self-compassion, goal regulation and support in college student’s well-being", Motivation and Emotion, 33, pp.83~97 (2009)
- Neff, K. D., "Self-compassion: An alternative conceptualization of a healthy attitude toward oneself", Self and Identity, 2, pp.85~101 (2003)
- Neff, K. D., "Development and Validation of a Scale to Measure Self-Compassion", Self and Identity, 2, pp.223~250 (2003)
- Neff, K. D., "Self-compassion, achievment goals, and coping with academic failure", Self and Identity, 4, pp.263~287 (2005)
- Neff, K. D., "The Role Self-compassion in Development : A Way to Relate to Oneself", Human Development, 52, pp.211~214 (2009)
- Neff, K. D, "Self-compassion, self-esteem, and well-being", Social and Personality Compass, 5(1), pp.1~12 (2011)
- Kristin D. Neff, "Does Self-Compassion Entail Reduced Self-Judgment, Isolation, and Over-Identification? A Response to Muris, Otgaar, and Petrocchi (2016)", Mindfulness, 7(3), pp.791~797 (2016), Springer Science and Business Media LLC[DOI]
- Neff, K. D., "Self-compassion and adaptive psychological functioning", Journal of Research in Personality, 41, pp.139~154 (2007)
- Neff, K. D., "Self-Compassion and Pstchological Resilience Among Adolescents and Young Adults", Self and Identity, ~ (2010)
- Nolen-Hoeksema. S., "Theoretical and mothological issue in the assessment and interpretation of posttraumatic growth", Psychological Inquiry, 15, pp.60~64 (2004)
- Pauley, G., "The experience and meaning of compassion and self-compassion for individuals with depression or anxiety", Psychology and Psychotherapy, 83(2), pp.129~143 (2010)
- Potter, R. F., "Self-Compassion Mediates the Relationship between Parentalcriticism and Social Anxiety", International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy, 14(1), pp.33~43 (2014)
- Raes, F., "Rumination and worry as mediators of the relationship between self-compassion and depression and anxiety", Personality and Individual Differences, 48, pp.757~761 (2010)
- Shapiro, S. L., "Mechanism of Mindfulness", Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62(3), pp.373~386 (2006)
- Shrout, P. E., "Meditation in xperimental and nonexperimental studies : new procedures and recommendations", Psychological methods, 7(4), pp.422~ (2002)
- Stockton, H., "ognitive processing, rumination, and posttraumatic growth", Journal of Traumatic Sress, 24(1), pp.85~92 (2011)
- Teasdale, J. D., "Prevention relapse", recurrence in major depression by mind-based cognitive therapy, 2000, pp.68, 615~623
- Tedeschi, R. G., "The posttraumatic growth inventory : Measuring the positive legacy of trauma", Journal of Traumatic Sress, 9, pp.455~471 (1996)
- Tedeschi, R. G., "Posttraumatic growth : Conceptual foundations and empirical evidence", Psychological Inquiry, 15, pp.93~102 (2004)
- Trapnell, P. D., "Private Self-conciousness and the fivefator model of personality : distinguishing rumination from reflection", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, pp.284~304 (1999)
- Weiss D. S., "Assessing psychological trauma and PTSD", pp.399~411 (1997), Guilford Press
- Zeng, X., "The Self-Compassion Scale is Not Validated in a Buddhist Sample", Journal of religion and health, 55(6), pp.1996~2009 (2016)
- Zoellner, T., "Posttraumatic growth in clinical psychology; a critical review and introduction of two compoenr model", Clinical Psycholgy Review, 26, pp.623~653 (2006)
