Barth 신학과 현대과학의 관계성에 대하여 : 신학적 인간론을 중심으로

Abstract

In recent theological discussion, there has been a somewhat critical realization of the need to connect with the scientific truth. The connection between the theological understanding of the Gospel and the scientific understanding of world is of particular concern to a modern theology, and is developed more substantially. Here, I attempt to show the possibility of the relationship between Barth’s theological method and the scientific method, concentered on the thema of anthropological views. First of all, it is to be mentioned that Barth asserts that the importance of the theological understanding of human being comes from the historical fact, that Jesus Christ has existed as a actual human being in the history and showed the actual reality that man does not exist alone, but in connection with God. In contrast to this distinct understanding of human being, the modern human scientific methodological ambivalence, which defines the actual human reality, requires also the comprehensive understanding of human being. At this point it seems natural that Barth sees the possibility of the relationship between the theological understanding of human being with the another anthropological sciences as a answer for the need of the most realistic understanding of human being. Barth has tried to grasp the meaning of the divers researches of human being; scientific researches and philosophical understanding and lastly the existential meaning of human being. In this context Barth does not reject a e x a c t-scientific method. On the contrary, he makes it clear that the exact scientific method could be coincided with the theological method. Barth insists that science should not be abused by religious or philosophical concerns. Barth speaks for the exact scientific procedure for science itself. Under this condition Barth insists that the scientific knowledge can be used for the theological understanding of human being. The attitude of Barth toward the science is summarized as such as that he accepts the scientific knowledge, meanwhile rejecting the scientific world view which is departed from the exact scientific procedure. And it is also important to see that the new development of the scientific knowledge supports the Barth’s interpretation of the human reality. Recently many kinds of anthropological sciences and the psychological understanding of human person represent the more abundant possibility of the connection with Barth’s theological perspective of human being. Even though it needs a more scrutinizing study for building this connection, a new kind of scientific frame and philosophical approaches to reality affirm the positive relationship between the Barth’s theological understanding of human being and actual human being. Moreover, according to Barth’s perspective of relationship between God and the world, theology does not find any disturbance to the unified understanding of the world with the development of the science. He will may argue for a new possibility of connection between theology and science. According to his view,it is sure that theology supports the scientific truth as a truth of the world. Barth’s idea of Light theory which is developed in his church dogmatics I V/3, grounds and characterizes the basic relationship between theology and science. Theology as a explanation of gospel makes disclose the reciprocal relation between God and the world. In light of the reconciliation of God with the world, it must be emphasized that the world is nothing but the creative work of God. In so far as the science is the intellectual discipline which attempt to understand this world, it’s intellectual aim corresponds to the recognition of the creative work of God in the nature, which is open to the future of God’s redemptive acts. Barth points out the problems and failures which plagued the relationship between theology and science and attempt to reestablish the basic relation which is based on the gospel.