반유대주의에 대한 역사적 고찰 독일교회의 타자수용 문제를 중심으로
A Historical Reflection on Anti-Semitism: Focusing on Accepting Others of German Church in the Second World War
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전반부에서 독일 교회 전반에 걸친 국가와 교회의 관계를 다루었다면 후반부에서 논의를 좁혀 독일 고백교회(Bekennende Kirche)의 나치에 대한 입장을 신학적으로 검토해 볼 것이다. 이를 통해 바르트, 니묄러 등으로 대표되는 고백교회 개신교 지도자들과 당시 교회 지도자들의 차이점이 드러날 것이고 고백교회 운동이 지닌 신학적 의의를 평가하려고 한다. 고백교회 운동은 2 차대전 중 독일 나치 정권에 대항한개신교회의 유일한 신학적이며 실천적 대응이었다고 하나 고백교회 인사들이 보여준 반유대주의에 대한 태도를 통해 고백교회 운동의 한계또한 검토하고자 한다. 마지막으로 교회와 국가, 신학과 정치가 충돌하는 역사적 상황에서타자에 대한 오해 내지는 왜곡이 미치는 폭력적 양상을 신학적으로 반성해 봄으로써 점점 다문화되고 다원화되는 한국 사회와 교회가 역사적 비극으로부터 배울 수 있는 교훈을 모색해 보고자 한다.
Abstract
This article focuses on how German Church receives others during the World War I I. ‘Others’ in Germany during the World War II refer to the Jewish, non-Christians, Gypsy, and the handicap, but I want to focus the status and changes of Jewish people. Though many Holocaust scholars have explored causes of this tragic events, my study aims at the politico-religious dimension which makes this tragedy possible. The Holocaust is not only a Hitler’s and Nazi’s political agenda, but also a projection of most European anti-Semitism. In speaking of anti-Semitism, it begins with history of Christianity. In this paper, I briefly sketch the history of anti-semitism in the Christianity. Adolf Hitler knows that how this simple prejudice can galvanize for his political agenda. It is a very interesting point that even though many European Christian leaders have rejected Hitler’s political radicalness, they are welcoming Hitler’s antisemitism. In exploring relationship between Church and the State, I focus on how German church reacts Hitler’s policy towards Jewish people. Most German Christian without distinction their denominations,explicitly support Histler’s policy of anti-semitism, but a few Christian leaders boldly rejects Nazi’s policy. Finally, I reflect what kind of relationships between church and the state should be desirable based on the lesson from the Holocaust.
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